December 2007
The material the basis of resolution of the future armed conflicts depends on high technologies, which create the objective prerequisites of superiority over the armed forces of the technologically lagging countries.
Vladimir Dmitriev - the chairman of the scientific and technical council military industrial commission with the government of the Russian Federation - the deputy chairman OF [VPK] with the government of the Russian Federation, the corresponding member of RAN [Russian Academy of Science]
Mikhail [Pogosyan] - the Director-General of joint stock company [AKHK] “Sukhoi”, the corresponding member of RAN [Russian Academy of Science]
Before the up-to-date conflicts the increasing role of the tactical, front aviation, which operates with the minimum losses for the personnel with an operational inflicting of high-precision impacts on the key state, military and industrial- energy objects of enemy and the repulsion of the attack of aggressor, is noted.
At present domestic front aviation is equipped for the sake of shock [AK] of the third generation Su-24, Su-24[M], Su-25 and by the fighters of the fourth generation Su-27, MiG-29 and MiG-31, which are in essence special-purpose and are intended for the accomplishment, correspondingly, of the missions either of the defeat of surface (sea) objects, or annihilation of aerial targets. These complexes do not correspond to up-to-date requirements on the multifunctionality, all-weather suitability and [kruglosutochnosti], combat radius and viability before air, to jamming invunerability and functional possibilities [BREO]. Position is complicated by the intensive withdrawal of aircraft on the periods of the operation in the absence of the purchases of the new models of aviation engineering before the necessary capacities assigned.
In the USA the work on the creation of the aviation complexes of the new generation began from the middle of the 80's about the program ATF (Advanced Of tactical Of fighter). The conquered about the results of competition fighter of heavy class F -22, created for replacing F -15, completed the first experiment flight in 1997. The cost of program is evaluated at $63 billion.
Work on the creation “light cheap” of interspecies fighter began before the 90's about the program JSF (Joint Of strike Of fighter) for replacing F -16 in VVS, F -18 in Navy and AV-8 Of harrier before the group of the marines. It is intended also for the mass production at the point of the export for the purpose to destroy the prevailing balance on the market for aviation equipment. That conquered before the competition F -35 completed the first experiment flight in December 2006. The total cost of the programs of R & D is evaluated at $40 billion.
Constantly growing in all countries interest before this equipment as to the factor of the stabilization of intergovermental relations in the regions of the world, ensured stable demand at the point of the competitive aviation complexes (АК), including Russian, which brings billions of dollars down their exporters.
In accordance with the basic trends in the development of military science and military equipment the fifth generation distinguish the fundamentally new for the aircraft of fighter aircraft levels of integration beside the structure of armed forces and global mutual information support with the simultaneous possibility to effectively solve the wide circle of tasks autonomously (without the external information support), and also the properties of its systematization, universality and intellectuality:
- multifunctionality, all-weather suitability and [kruglosutochnost] of application, the circular zone of the control of space, target designation and application of a weapon with the low observability in different wavelength ranges and concealment of application; - broad spectral band, the accuracy of work, multichanneled effect and the jamming invunerability of information systems;
- the endurance of basing, high takeoff and landing and technical flight characteristics before the subsonic and supersonic flight conditions;
- the automation of the activities of pilot and the intellectual support of the processes of pilotage, of conducting of dogfight and accomplishment of shock objectives;
- the improved economic, ergonomic and operational indices, increased aircraft life, maintenance opposite the technical condition.
It is acknowledged, what optimum at the point of the total expenditures of life cycle grouping [AK] of tactical or front aviation consists of two types - multifunctional heavy (twin-engined), capable of solving entire spectrum of tasks against entire depth of the conducted operations, and the cheaper lung (of single-engine) aircraft, capable of solving only the unit of the spectrum of tasks. In the case of the deficiency of the financial means of state operational-strategic requirements lead down the military-political decision of the leadership of the country about giving of priority to multifunctional complex.
Works in the provision of creation of the aviation complex of the fifth generation in our country were from the very beginning on the control [VPK] and it is in proper time expanded at the end the 80th - beginning of the 90's.
Is during this period begun as far as R & D on the creation of multipurpose tactical fighter and aircraft engine AL -41[f] for this aircraft, on building of experimental highly maneuverable aircraft with the sweptforward wing, regarding the configuration and the technical routes of promising light multipurpose fighter and multipurpose interspecies aircraft of short/vertical takeoff and landing, and also on the research before the region of aerodynamics, durability, power plants, onboard REO, complexes of the armament of promising [AK].
Due to the complex financial and economic conditions of that period and deficiency budget fund the plans of the creation of the aviation complex of the fifth generation entirely did not realize. [VPK] approached the search for the new ways of its creation and economical utilization of the created scientific-technical reserve. And the new stage of works on its creation advanced in 2000. in accordance with the special instruction of the government of the Russian Federation on the refinement [TTKH] of the promising combat aviation complexes of the 5th generation (before one- and twin-engined versions) and of the engine AL -41[f], the development with the use of specific-program methods of the diagram of financing works with the attraction of the means of organization concerneds.
They gave out in 2001 taking into account the conceptual sentences of the leading aircraft-construction enterprises of Russia about the configuration and the fundamental characteristics of complex VVS. [TTZ] for the development of alternative preliminary designs. The alternatives of preliminary design developed joint stock company “OKB Sukhoi” and [FGUP] “OF [RSK] “MiG”, and also joint stock company “OKB [im]. A.S. Yakovlev” before the support unit of short takeoff and vertical landing of aircraft in December 2001.
Taking into account the special importance of the execution of this program for the national security, the development of economy and strengthening of the international prestige of the country, President of the Russian Federation charged to take the necessary measures, which ensure transition to practical r there on the creation PAK FA for the armed forces of the Russian Federation and his competitive export modification.
On the initiative [VPK] in the provision of accomplishing this commission:
a) by the decision of the government of the Russian Federation is provided before the interests of creation PAK FA to conduct the complex of the works within the framework of [gosoboronzakaza] and federal special-purpose and address investment programs, to organize coordination and control for the realization of project;
b) the commission of the RF Ministry of Defense examined beyond the competitive basis materials of preliminary designs. Best is acknowledged the preliminary design, developed as far as joint stock company “OKB Sukhoi”. Furthermore, its drawing and designing and production potential on the base joint stock company “[KnAAPO] [im]. OF [YU].[A]. Gagarin”, and also financial and economic conditions are acknowledged more acceptable for the implementation of program PAK FA;
c) the commission of the government of the Russian Federation on military industrial questions approved the resolution of the RF Ministry of Defense as far as the competitive examination of preliminary designs PAK FA, it is charged to give out to the chief implementing agency OF [TTZ] on OKR for creation PAK FA, to estimate its export potential, to present sentences on the attraction of extra-budgetary funds for its creation, and also project of the decision of the government of the Russian Federation on the complex special-purpose program of creation PAK FA.
Before the execution of these commissions [FGUP] “OF [AVPK] “Sukhoi”, joint stock company “OKB Sukhoi” together with Rosaviakosmos (Russian Aviation and Space Agency) and VVS is developed, coordinated and represented beside the government RF the complex special-purpose program (КЦП) of creation PAK FA. By special instruction of government RF in 2002. this [KTSP] is approved, given the corresponding instructions about the organization of development PAK FA and they are determined basic stages and periods of performing work. The developed within the framework AS FAR AS [KTSP] sentences on the organization of the attraction of extra-budgetary funds to the creation PAK FA are coordinated with the President of the Russian Federation.
Providing allocation at the point of the development PAK FA is provided by the state program of armament. The deficiency budget fund about the program of creation PAK FA and its export version is covered, in essence, due to the attraction of the personal means of enterprises and organization- participants in the creation of complex, obtained as far as them based on the export of aviation engineering, and the planned means of potential foreign clients PAK FA.
Complex special-purpose program PAK FA is defined AS FAR AS [VPK] as the pilot project, which realizes new approaches and principles of the creation of the domestic models of weapons and military equipment due to the up-to-date conditions. It has a decisive importance for future VVS and naval aviation of Russia, aircraft industry, its restructuring and consolidation around the decision of the most important practical task, strengthening of the positions of the domestic export of military aviation.
The special feature of the program of creation PAK FA is not only the creation of qualitatively new aviation complex, but also that within the framework this program are created and realize in practice newest science-intensive technologies with the high innovation potential not only for the aircraft industry, but also for the economy of Russia as a whole.
The created scientifically- technological reserve ensures the deployment of the experimental production of systems and aircraft of test batch PAK FA, including the provision of a beginning of flying and carrying out of the stage of preliminary tests.
Problematic, as in the entire world, remain development and assimilation:
- new composite materials in the construction of aircraft with the low observability before the wide spectrum of electromagnetic radiation;
- onboard radio-technical system on the base of antennas with the impulse phased cascades;
- the integrated multispectral optical-electronic system for the provision of application of a weapon “air-to-air” and “air-surface” and the omnidirectional detection of the attacking aircraft missiles of enemy;
- the digital complex of communications for the sake of operational provisions before the system of the centralized control besides military operations;
- the single digital calculating nucleus of the complex [BREO], constructed on the principles of the open architecture with the possibility of the growth of required productivity during further modernizations of aircraft.
Besides these typical for all domestic developers of innovation production is number of the base problems, whose solution occurs out of the frames of the direct responsibility of [goszakazchikov] and scope of the main developers of armaments. This of the development of the new technologies of materials and electronic component base, the supply status of the performance of design and technological decisions for the sake of the low parties of new raw material and completing, the development of laboratory- bench base, [tekhperevooruzhenie] of experimental and series production.
To enumerated and other problematic questions of the scientific-technical and technological provision of creation PAK FA and its integrations beside the weapon system of the armed forces of the Russian Federation continuous attention gives [NTS] [VPK]. Its recommendations are introduced for the examination of sessions [VPK]. Furthermore, problematic questions of the creation of the aircraft of the 5th generation are reflected before the wide circle supported by state base and critical industrial and military technologies before the programs of federal level (state program of armament for 2007-2015, federal special-purpose programs “national technological base” during the years 2007-2011, “development of defense- industrial complex during the years 2007-2010 and down the period until 2015”, the project of program “development of electronic component base” during the years 2008-2011). Therefore the realization of the innovations of the wide cooperation of the developers of the first domestic full-scale development of the complex of the fifth generation due to the conditions of the begun output [OPK] based on the system crisis requires the concentration of efforts and means for critical the directions indicated.
PAK FA is necessary at the point of state for the accomplishment of the most important state triune mission - provision of defense capability of the country, maintenance and the development of domestic [OPK], the creation of favorable for Russia international conditions due to the military technical collaboration for the sake of the strategic partners. And precisely now basic responsibility for its timely creation precisely lies beyond the state.
By commission of the government of the Russian Federation on military industrial questions in 2005. is noted a change in the factors, which influence the attraction of extra-budgetary funds and means [FTSP], because of what are corrected the periods of performing work on THE PAK FA, the sources and the capacities of their financing. Of the relying on increasing economic possibilities, began the growth of state enclosures beside this region. However, it is necessary to think over the effective forms of state stimulation and reduction in the risks of activity before its creation.
The creation of favorable conditions for the attraction of extra-budgetary funds here remains reasonable measure. Including due to the active state accompaniment of Russian developers on the International market. Also will be required the exact forecast of the requirements at the point of the aircraft of the fifth generation of strategic [inopartnerov] and allies and possibilities of their satisfaction. Without this not to determine, where intellectual- technological capital accumulated before Russia and tendencies of the World Markets are crossed, in order to us not to be late. Other measures are connected for the sake of overcoming of bureaucratic barriers. This is simplification in the procedures of the coordination of permissive documents and sentences on the mechanisms of interaction in large quantities of the instances of the interested organs of authority, which impede execution of the decision on THE PAK FA, and also the rigid coordination of the activity of the federal organs of executive power and personal responsibility for realization from the established periods of measures [KTSP]. Within the framework decisions on THE PAK FA one must still finish building adequate infrastructure, including the necessary new budgetary, administrative, legal and institutional elements.
Comprehensive state support PAK FA, together with the provision of defense capability of state, is important for the extended generation of high technologies in the country before the interests of its transfer beside the innovation way of development. Russia before this differs from the leading states, where the civil sector supplies advanced technologies to defense economy - Russian [OPK] in many respects remains the most important national source of high technologies for the civil sector of production.
The created scientific-technical reserve in the field of the new construction materials, radar, optical-electronic, navigation, calculating and other systems can and must be used in the course of the modernization of the existing motor pool of aviation engineering and creation of other promising aviation complexes.
As far as this is determined the exclusive significance of the implementation of program PAK FA for the provision of defense of the country, maintenance and development of the aviation and adjacent branches of industry, creation of highly technological competitive aviation equipment and conditions for the conversion of the economy of the country beside the innovation- active route of development, and also favorable foreign policy and economic conditions for collaboration for the sake of the strategic partners.