Aviation Safety Whistleblower Report, U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, December 2021.
"Under the leadership of Chair Maria Cantwell, the Democratic staff of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation is releasing this report as part of the Committee’s continued investigation of the design and certification of the 737 MAX, and oversight of the Federal Aviation Administration’s implementation of Congressionally-mandated safety reforms under the
Aircraft Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act."
https://www.commerce.senate.gov/services/files/48E3E2DE-6DFC-4602-BADF-8926F551B670 (PDF)
Be warned, even the Executive Summary is over six pages long. I would single out a couple of quotes which illustrate the significance of the MAX affair and the key role played by whistleblowers:
"The 737 MAX crashes ... called into question U.S. aviation safety oversight, presenting a historic challenge for U.S. policymakers.
"In response, Congress passed the
Aircraft Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act, which was enacted into law on December 27, 2020."
and
"Whistleblowers perform a critical public service by exposing wrongdoing in the government and private sector. ...
"The Committee sought to honor these whistleblowers by addressing many of their concerns when drafting the
Aircraft Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act. The law took the important step of extending Federal whistleblower protections, similar to those that were available to Federal aviation safety workers and airline employees, to employees, contractors, and suppliers of aircraft manufacturers.
The issues unearthed by the whistleblowers included:
- Undue pressure on line engineers and production staff
- Line engineers with technical expertise ignored
- Boeing oversight office in Seattle lacks enough safety engineers
- FAA certification processes do not require compliance with latest airworthiness standards [i.e. not updating the whole of an older design to current standards]
- FAA’s strong oversight eroded under the ODA [Organization Designation Authorization] program
- FAA and industry struggle with technical engineering capacity necessary for complex aircraft systems