Surprised that the RAF are going to strip the early Tranche 1 Tyhoons for spare parts for the rest of the fleet instead of upgrading them to Tranche 3 Typhoons. GCAP/Tempest cannot come quick enough in this case.
Justin Bronk: There are a few elements underwriting the tranche 1 retirement, the first one being that, of the 53 tranche 1s out of the 160 Typhoon we bought, about
30 were twin-seaters and not combat capable.
Chair: So
they were for training.
Justin Bronk: Yes, for type-conversion training and other bits and bobs. Generally speaking, the RAF is now putting new pilots in their first solo into a single-seat Typhoon, so it does not draw on the twin seats nearly as much for the original conversion work, because the simulators are now very good and also, having had a chance to try it myself, it is a remarkably easy aircraft to fly - really amazingly so.
It is worth noting that the RAF’s safety record for Typhoon is perfect - touch wood. Having flown it more than any of the other European partners, the RAF has so far demonstrated exceptional flight safety, despite not using the twin-seaters very much for type conversion.
When they were trying to quickly build up a pool of instructors and pilots at the beginning of the programme, they really flew the wings off the twin seats, so most of them are knackered. One of the stories around, for example, retiring the tranche 1s with a large amount of their hours remaining is that the tracking of airframe life in that instance is referring to nominal flight hours, whereas it is
a better metric to track fatigue index. The original aircraft, to put it bluntly, had their wings flown off.
One of the reasons that Typhoon is a superlative within-visual-range dogfighting aircraft is that it will sit at 9G for as long as the pilot can take it, but, of course, that puts huge strain on the aircraft. Metal aircraft generally have a shorter nominal lifetime, but you can extend it by replacing parts in a relatively predictable way, because we have decades and decades of understanding exactly how metal fatigues, whereas
composites are much stronger and lighter, but they fatigue in a fundamentally different way and it is much harder to refresh airframe fatigue life once you have used it up.
A lot of the 30 or so that have gone so far were not combat capable to begin with; they were really worn out and, for the remaining tranche 1s, the argument was always that it was uneconomical to keep them, based on the opportunity cost of that money going elsewhere - for example, into more F-35s or operating the ones that we have more - because
tranche 1 Typhoons are so expensive to fly relative to 2s and 3s.
Dave Doogan: Why is that?
Justin Bronk:
Just because they are older. They also have obsolescence issues, so a lot of the electronics and hardware in it cannot be upgraded, at least not without a complete overhaul, which would be extremely expensive. The Germans, for example, are replacing theirs with new builds. You cannot upgrade them to use a lot of the newer software, which means that you are
running much older software on much older hardware and on much more tired aeroplanes that break a lot more, so it just costs a lot more to fly them.
The one major loss in terms of output will be the loss of the dedicated aggressor training capability. At the moment, we have a squadron of mostly
tranche 1s doing QRA and red air simulation. It is the highest in red air that is around in Europe and one of the highest in NATO, because most red air providers fly things like Hawk or Albatros trainers, not a supersonic high-end combat aircraft, so there will be a loss of capacity there.
Dave Doogan: So there is no economic opportunity from the disposal of all 53 tranche 1s. They will go for scrap and are no use to anybody.
Justin Bronk: I am sure you could find uses for some of them; the question will be how many. For the RAF, the choice is reasonable in terms of the argument that the money you would spend keeping them going could be better used elsewhere. For other operators that are looking for a Typhoon-type capability, it might make more sense if they are not trading off on a bespoke TyTAN-type support arrangement against things like F-35.