Pentagon Sets FY-15 Plans For 6th-Generation Fighter Exploration
Posted: Jan. 02, 2014
The Defense Department's fiscal year 2015 budget proposal is expected to include seed money for a new fighter aircraft program, establishing Air Force and Navy budget lines for the joint exploration of next-generation capabilities and the possible development of a single fighter to be used by both services, according to service officials. Looking beyond the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the new program would shore up Pentagon concerns about the ability of the United States' high-performance tactical aircraft industrial base to retain its global advantage. The goal is to begin building the case for new aircraft that could mitigate capability shortfalls expected to materialize as soon as 2030, an objective that last year won the support of the Pentagon's top brass and is under review by the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Expecting Pentagon leaders to back the effort, the Air Force will propose a dedicated budget line in its FY-15 budget proposal to fund an analysis of alternatives of its "2030+ Air Dominance" requirement for a sixth-generation fighter. "Funding for the 2030+ Air Dominance AOA begins in FY-15," Air Force spokeswoman Jennifer Cassidy said in a Dec. 16 statement in response to questions from InsideDefense.com.
Last February, the Joint Requirements Oversight Council approved the Air Force's new fighter requirement and directed the service to accomplish a joint analysis of alternatives with the Navy once the JROC approves the Navy's Next Generation Air Dominance Family of Systems initial capabilities document, which Pentagon officials say is expected in "early 2014." "The Services have been engaged with OSD coordinating draft AOA guidance and plans," said Cassidy. The Pentagon's acquisition executive has not yet issued a materiel development decision, which would formally transition the effort from requirements definition to early acquisition by beginning the joint AOA. "OSD is considering several courses of action which will impact the timing of a MDD," said Cassidy. "OSD guidance may require a substantial level of effort prior to a MDD. The time and resources required to accomplish that work will dictate the timing." The Navy, which in 2012 solicited industry proposals for a notional F/A-18E/F replacement, said it is supporting an "active dialogue with industry, OSD, [and] the Air Force," in support of the new requirement. "[Naval Air Systems Command] continues to plan and lay the groundwork to conduct a robust AOA for the entire trade space, to include manned, unmanned, and optionally manned capabilities, existing platforms, enhancements to existing platforms, new platform development, a review of concepts of operations, warfighting capability risk assessment and potential life-cycle solutions to affordably meet capability requirements in the 2030 timeframe," Victor Chen, a spokesman for NAVAIR, said in a Dec. 12 statement to InsideDefense.com.
The AOA is also expected to examine "linkages such as communication, intelligence, and interoperability requirements as well as risks associated with technology, integration, and cost," Cassidy said. "We anticipate we will be required to explore the advantages and disadvantages of a single solution across the Services. If a single solution is not warranted due to differing roles and missions, we expect to explore areas of commonality that can be leveraged to reduce the cost to both Services." Last month, RAND published an Air Force-commissioned report that concluded historical joint aircraft programs -- including the F-35 JSF -- experienced higher cost growth than single-service programs. The report also warned that "diverse service requirements and operating environments work against the potential for joint cost savings." Both the Air Force and Navy have been contemplating sixth-generation fighter programs for years. In 2008, the Air Force's Air Combat Command raised concerns about far-term capability gaps stemming from "threat evolution, threat proliferation, and predicted service lives of current platforms," according to Cassidy. In 2009, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, in a classified memo locking in budget and five-year program decisions, directed the Air Force to "initiate an R&D effort towards a 6th generation TACAIR capability" in FY-12, according to Cassidy.
"In order to determine the technology areas on which to focus an R&D effort, ACC/A8 completed a Next Gen TACAIR Capabilities Based Assessment (CBA) in 2011 . . . [which] identified a number of air dominance capability gaps in the 2030-2050 time frame," she said. That gave rise to the 2030+ Air Dominance requirement the JROC endorsed last February. Air Combat Command's Air Superiority Core Function Team at Langley AFB, VA, has led the service's work on 2030+ Air Dominance, with support from the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, and Eglin Air Force Base, FL. Their efforts to date, according to Cassidy, include producing "technology surveys, technology roadmaps, trade space studies, detailed studies on specific technology areas such as propulsion, airframes, and Directed Energy, and basic representative aircraft concepts." In December 2009, the Navy wrapped up its own capability-based assessment, "Power Projection from the Sea Beyond 2024," which has become the basis for the service's draft Next Generation Air Dominance Family of Systems initial capability document, informally referred to as the FA/XX, according to DOD sources. The Pentagon office responsible for monitoring the health of firms that comprise the defense industrial base warned in a 2011 study that without a "near-term" sixth-generation fighter aircraft program, the U.S. aerospace industry could forfeit a five-year technological advantage over foreign combat aircraft makers. "Without a near-term investment decision to sustain . . . key engineering and manufacturing capabilities, the margin of competitive technological superiority is likely to shift against U.S. firms in many areas vital to the development of future TACAIR," according to a summary of the June 2011 "Next Generation TACAIR (F-X) Industrial Base Quick Look." Last summer, Pentagon acquisition executive Frank Kendall told the Senate Appropriations defense subcommittee that the Defense Department is "concerned about the future of the United States' high-performance tactical aircraft industrial base."
With the Boeing F/A-18E/F's production slated to wind down as the aircraft-carrier variant of the F-35 comes online, Lockheed Martin's F-35 manufacturing line will soon be the nation's sole active fighter assembly line. Even "more disconcerting," Kendall said in prepared testimony, "is the gap between development programs for the F-35 and the next generation of high-performance aircraft." In FY-13, Kendall directed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to begin the air dominance initiative, "a program envisioned as leading to competitive prototyping programs" beginning in 2016. A new sixth-generation fighter program would likely carry a substantial price tag, and could -- depending on the eventual program schedule -- overlap with the Air Force's planned F-35 acquisition, which is slated to continue at peak production rates until 2037. The Air Force plans to buy 638 F-35As -- more than a third of its total planned acquisition -- between 2030 and 2037. The DARPA initiative -- a two-year, $10 million effort -- is expected to identify threats and capability gaps through 2050, funding Defense Department research and development efforts as well as "high-value" technologies and prototype opportunities. "After the study, it is envisioned that high potential prototype programs will emerge to develop technologies for future air dominance," according to FY-14 budget documents. "Early planning for future technologies will also help to define the funding baselines for DOD research and development and acquisition programs." A sixth-generation fighter program would grow the roster of big-ticket aircraft programs with reach well into the next decade, which include the F-35, the Air Force's KC-46 tanker and its new long-range strike bomber, and the Navy's Unmanned Carrier Launched Airborne Surveillance and Strike aircraft program. -- Jason Sherman