When Fe and coal prices were at their previous highs—$212 USD ($271 AUD) and $457 USD ($585 AUD), respectively, the AUD was trading at around $0.78. Now, with prices down to $101 USD ($160 AUD) and $116 USD ($193 AUD), the AUD has dropped to $0.62 or a ~23% fall in the same period.
Since Fe and coal prices have a high correlation with the AUD, weaker demand causes both commodity prices and the AUD to fall. This creates a considerable revenue problem. To maintain the same revenue, we would need to sell far higher volumes of both Fe and coal. But that’s not happening.
Even if an exporter increased exports by 10% (which is a significant jump) they would still see a 13% loss in revenue due to the lower AUD. Factor in rising manufacturing costs (e.g., 5%), and exporters are worse off overall. A weaker dollar doesn’t compensate for falling demand or lower prices—it amplifies the pain.
Meanwhile, imports get more expensive, and Australia imports a lot. Here are just some of the big ticket items:
Petroleum oils (not crude): $50.75 billion
Motor vehicles (passenger): $34.8 billion
Electrical apparatus for telephony: $12.95 billion
Medicines: $8.96 billion
Crude petroleum oils: $7.96 billion
With a weaker AUD, all these imports cost more, pushing inflation higher. Higher inflation means the Reserve Bank will likely raise interest rates, adding more pressure on households and businesses.
In Brief: Statement on Monetary Policy – November 2024
www.rba.gov.au
On top of that, Australia raises a significant amount of funding from offshore debt markets. A lower AUD increases repayment costs, putting even more strain on the economy.
So, even if demand for exports increases, falling prices and higher costs mean exporters earn less. Meanwhile, higher import costs drive inflation and debt servicing costs higher. In short, a lower AUD doesn’t help—it hurts.