One Certain Desert Nation has an active nuclear power program, and could probably have nuclear bombs within a relatively few years. They have plans and goals for vast megaprojects, advanced structures hundreds of km long. They dream of spaceflight, having had astronauts sent to space along with their own satellites; moon probes are not too far away. At the same time, they have a big box that religious people feel the need to walk around in the blazing summer sun while worshipping a rock. Hundreds regularly die in stampedes for this activity.
Advanced technology and backwards superstitions are not mutually exclusive, especially when you are able to simply buy the advanced tech from someone else. In Babylon 5, humans do not develop FTL, but buy it from the Centauri; in Star Trek, the Klingons, who remain violent savages, have an interstellar empire because *they* were once invaded and conquered by someone more advanced, drove them off and adopted their tech. The world today is filled with savages armed with advanced weapons and carrying smartphones, from Houthis with "hypersonic missiles" to urban thugs with switch-equipped Glocks.