Re-arming the Leander frigates

And later in the same paragraph it says . . .

However, he resulting equipment was difficult to handle and operate, and was not of much use in areas of relatively shallow water such as the North Sea and British coastal waters. For these reasons the equipment was not fitted to all of the class.
And so the RN made 16 of the ships less useful when more than 100nmi from English shores?

The GIUK Gap is deep water. Build for there, and set the VDS for 10ft when close to the UK...

Something like 90% of the ocean, some 65% of the entire planet's surface, is deep water where VDS are very good. *facepalm*
 
Given the discussion around re-arming the Leander-class, one question that I’ve had of late is the performance of early Type 965 versus the alternatives of the day, primarily the Dutch LW-02.

Friedman states that prior to the introduction of Type 965, four options were considered beginning in 1955:

1. The American AN/SPS-6C radar (not a likely option as the SPS-6 programme was considered obsolescent and was running down by this time period)
2. The Dutch LW-02 radar
3. Adapting one of Marconi’s commercial designs originally conceived for land-based air defence - this is the radar that ultimately became Type 965
4. Extending the range of the Type 992 radar, by slowing its scanning rate (again, another non-starter as Type 992 is late 1940s technology and by this point there is likely not much additional performance to be extracted from the system)

Obviously we know now that the Marconi design was ultimately selected for development, but I’m curious as to whether the LW-02 would have been a more capable option for the RN Leanders in the long run. By the mid 1950s, we are starting to enter the era of Anglo-Dutch radar cooperation with Type 988/Broomstick coming in a few years’ time, so mutual cooperation on Type 965/LW-02 doesn’t seem completely far-fetched.

With all that being said, performance data on LW-02 and its successor LW-03 is hard to come by. British, Chilean, and Indian Leanders ended up with Type 965, while the Australian and Dutch variants came equipped with LW-02. The Dutch upgraded their radars to LW-03, which utilized the same antenna, whereas the Indians upgraded their radar to the Signaal LW-08 (a later, more advanced radar that shares its transmitter and receiver with Type 1022).

Could an Anglo-Dutch Type 965/LW-02 joint development have had the capability to become a ubiquitous “NATO standard” long-range early-warning radar from the mid-1950s to the early 1980s? If so, I’d be interested to explore the possible implications for the Leanders’ mid-life refits.
 
Part of Post 82.
With all that being said, performance data on LW-02 and its successor LW-03 is hard to come by. British, Chilean, and Indian Leanders ended up with Type 965, while the Australian and Dutch variants came equipped with LW-02. The Dutch upgraded their radars to LW-03, which utilized the same antenna, whereas the Indians upgraded their radar to the Signaal LW-08 (a later, more advanced radar that shares its transmitter and receiver with Type 1022).
That reminded me that the Indian Navy operated Sea Kings from some of their their broad-beam Leanders by removing the Limbo & VDS and fitting a telescopic hangar & the Canadian Beartrap haul-down gear.

In addition to fitting the LW-08 radar, their Leander modernisation included keeping the twin 4.5in gun turret, fitting a pair of triple 324mm torpedo tube mountings, fitting a Bofors 375mm twin-tube A/S mortar and replacing the Sea Cats with a pair of twin 30mm AK230 gun mountings.
 
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I've been trying to find a count of how many Sea Cat and Ikara missiles the converted Leander-class carried, but either haven't found much or contradicting figures. Anyone have any idea? I did find a couple of sources saying 20 for Sea Cat but nothing I'd class as definitive.
 
I've been trying to find a count of how many Sea Cat and Ikara missiles the converted Leander-class carried, but either haven't found much or contradicting figures. Anyone have any idea? I did find a couple of sources saying 20 for Sea Cat but nothing I'd class as definitive.
The Leanders had storage for 25 Sea Cats for two launchers, single-launcher ships only had 10 missiles.

From the magazine drawing I've seen, the GWS.41 Ikara system had a 12-round magazine (but 18 sets of wings and fins were carried it seems).
 
I've been trying to find a count of how many Sea Cat and Ikara missiles the converted Leander-class carried, but either haven't found much or contradicting figures. Anyone have any idea? I did find a couple of sources saying 20 for Sea Cat but nothing I'd class as definitive.
Conway Martime Press - All The Worlds Fighting Ships 1947-1982 lists, for the Australian's Type 12 frigates, "approximately 24 of each missile" for Ikara and SeaCat.

I don't know about the RN or Brazilian SeaCat totals.
 
The Australian arrangement was designed to replace a Limbo mortar and its magazine. Bar for the apparently never used nuclear depth charge capability, the RN could have adopted the RAN configuration and fitted Ikara to all Leanders, while keeping the gun.
Would the hangar and flight deck be big enough for a Lynx? AFAIK the Exocet & Sea Wolf Leanders had the hangar extended aft over part of the fight deck and the flight deck extended aft over the where the Limbo had been to accommodate the Lynx.
 
Hood was being critical of my views about the Vickers 4" mounting that eventually only saw service with Chile. The reason that I like this mounting was that it was an 80/20 solution - you saw most of the benefits of being able to fire pre-loaded rounds, without the mountings crew having to close up, and that it had a simple, robust feed system. In contrast, the other 1950's era weapons like the UK 3" Mk 6 (which I've owned and operated) had a fearsomely complex feed system, large, and whilst a very good performer as an AA weapon, had less than perfect reliability. Faced with the same choice in the 1970s or 80's I'd have picked a 76mm Oto Melara offering, but in the 1950's, the Vickers 4" was much better, than a manually loaded 4.5" Mk 5 in the Tribal class frigates. The Vickers mount also had a much better, stiffer servo system than the 4.5" Mk 6 in Rothesay and Leander frigates, where poor RPC performance was a weakness that persisted throughout this mountings life.
 
Would the hangar and flight deck be big enough for a Lynx? AFAIK the Exocet & Sea Wolf Leanders had the hangar extended aft over part of the fight deck and the flight deck extended aft over the where the Limbo had been to accommodate the Lynx.
Telescoping hangar like the US Frigates?
 
Would the hangar and flight deck be big enough for a Lynx? AFAIK the Exocet & Sea Wolf Leanders had the hangar extended aft over part of the fight deck and the flight deck extended aft over the where the Limbo had been to accommodate the Lynx.

Telescoping hangar like the US Frigates?
Here is the RAN installation - note that only the first two* RAN "River" class kept their stepped stern, the middle two* partly enclosed the stern until fitted with a helo deck in the early-mid 1980s identical to that of the first two. The magazine etc all fit under the aft superstructure and helo landing area. One Limbo launcher was retained after the Ikara was fitted, but was removed in another refit in the late 1970s-early 1980s.

The the last two* were completed with one Limbo and Ikara, and fully covered the stern except for the Ikara launcher well itself.


* the first 4 were modified Rothesay designs, the last two were modified Leanders with more/better accommodations that were better suited for tropical conditions. This resulted in a larger aft superstructure that precluded a hangar like the RN's Leanders/modernized Rothesays had... but there was room for a decent helo landing area.

A telescoping hangar would have been the only way for the RAN's "River" class to get a hangar for their helo landing area.

RAN Ikara installation.jpg

HMAS Yarra as completed:

YARRA SS.jpg

Parramatta 1969 (Yarra similar):

para5.jpg

Yarra in 1984 (Parramatta similar):

Yarra, 1984 Ross Gillett.JPG

Stuart 1972 (Derwent similar):

Stuart ~1972.jpg

Stuart top & Yarra bottom mid 1980s:

Stuart top & Yarra bottom 1980s.jpg

Swan as completed:

HMAS Swan.jpg

Torrens 1976:

HMAS Torrens 1976.jpg

Torrens being sunk 1999 (note the Limbo well is covered, but the deck is not clear or marked for helo use):

HMAS-Torrens-DE-53-MK48-torpedo-exercise-6c.jpg

HMAS-Torrens-DE-53-MK48-torpedo-exercise-7.jpg
 
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Hood was being critical of my views about the Vickers 4" mounting that eventually only saw service with Chile.
Was I?
I said this:
A single 4.5in mount or a single 3in L/70 might well have sufficed for frigates and - Vickers perhaps already had the ideal answer in the 4in Mk Q.

It was A Tentative Fleet Plan who pointed out the flaws in the mounting.
Only 46 ready use rounds on mount, in other words less than a minute of firing, and when it ran dry it had to be loaded externally by an upper deck crew (not something you want to do in CBRN conditions). The mount could only fire one type of ammunition at a time, with no ability to switch to any other types, unless the mounting was unloaded and reloaded with a different type and it is unlikely that you could mix different types within the hoppers, much like a machine gun firing a mixture of tracer and ball, given the automatic fuse setters between the hoppers and loading tray.
 
Would the hangar and flight deck be big enough for a Lynx? AFAIK the Exocet & Sea Wolf Leanders had the hangar extended aft over part of the fight deck and the flight deck extended aft over the where the Limbo had been to accommodate the Lynx.
Probably not, good point. I think the Lynx required the Limbo bay to be plated over, so the flight deck could be extended.
 
The Australian arrangement was designed to replace a Limbo mortar and its magazine. Bar for the apparently never used nuclear depth charge capability, the RN could have adopted the RAN configuration and fitted Ikara to all Leanders, while keeping the gun.
Would the hangar and flight deck be big enough for a Lynx? AFAIK the Exocet & Sea Wolf Leanders had the hangar extended aft over part of the fight deck and the flight deck extended aft over the where the Limbo had been to accommodate the Lynx.
Probably not, good point. I think the Lynx required the Limbo bay to be plated over, so the flight deck could be extended.
Telescoping hangar like the US Frigates?
That might work because AFIAK the first 4 Indian Leanders had a telescopic hangar (so they could operate a Chetak helicopter) whilst keeping the Limbo and (as I'm sure @Scott Kenny will be pleased to read) the VDS. Plus, I have remembered correctly that the last 2 Indian Leanders had a telescopic hangar too (so they could operate a Sea King) but lost the Limbo and VDS. The edition of Janes 1996-97 on Internet Archive has a photograph of Taragiri that shows the telescopic hangar retracted and there's a drawing of it on Navypedia showing it extended.

Maybe an Ikara could have been fitted in the space occupied by the VDS, so we'd get a hybrid of a Leander and Swan & Torrens. That is the telescopic hangar below the Sea Cat launcher (like a Leander), the flight deck where the Limbo went and the Ikara right aft. Except I want to put some SSMs on the stern like the Chileans did with their Leanders.
 
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What helicopters are these RAN Type 12s going to carry?

The RAN bought 27 Wessex ASW helicopters in 1962, 2 Westland Scout in 1963 (for survey ships), 7 UH1 utility helicopters in 1964, 6 OH58 Kiowa in 1973 and 10 Westland Sea Kings in 1976.

There were other significant Australia helicopter buys in the 60s and early 70s that might be re-jigged to include maybe Wasps or Sea Sprites for an RAN escort with helicopter facilities.
 
What helicopters are these RAN Type 12s going to carry?
My vote would be Sea Sprites, but those are not all that much fancier than a QH-50 DASH. No processing power onboard, they carried the sensors and torpedoes out under the control of the ship.
 
My vote would be Sea Sprites, but those are not all that much fancier than a QH-50 DASH. No processing power onboard, they carried the sensors and torpedoes out under the control of the ship.

The ADF did a big helicopter buy in the early 70s, it was planned to be 75 OH58, I think 42 UH1, 12 AH1G and 12 CH47C. The end of the Viwetnam war cut this back to 56 OH58, 12 UH1 and 12 CH47C. I don't think it would be too hard to slip the SH/UH2 in there, perhaps transferring the RANs UH1s to the RAAF to partially compensate them.
 
What helicopters are these RAN Type 12s going to carry?
Rebuilding the RAN Type 12s with helicopter facilities hasn't been discussed. There has been a discussion about whether a Leander could have its Limbo replaced by an Ikara launcher and still have space for a Lynx helicopter. @BlackBat242 provided examples of how the Ikara was fitted on RAN Type 12s which lead to me suggesting that an (RN) Leander could have an Ikara fitted in place of the VDS and the Limbo removed to allow a the extension of the hangar & flight deck for a Lynx helicopter.

That being written . . .
The RAN bought 27 Wessex ASW helicopters in 1962, 2 Westland Scout in 1963 (for survey ships), 7 UH1 utility helicopters in 1964, 6 OH58 Kiowa in 1973 and 10 Westland Sea Kings in 1976.

There were other significant Australia helicopter buys in the 60s and early 70s that might be re-jigged to include maybe Wasps or Sea Sprites for an RAN escort with helicopter facilities.
If it's in the 1960s my guess is that it would probably be the Wasp to standardise with the RN & RNZN. My second choice would be the Italian AB 204AS or a Bell-built version of it to standardise with the UH-1s.

If it's the 1970s my guess is AB 212AS or a Bell-built version to standardise with the UH-1s.

Is it true that 20 Sea Kings were wanted and only 10 were bought?
 
If it's the 1970s my guess is AB 212AS or a Bell-built version to standardise with the UH-1s.

Is it true that 20 Sea Kings were wanted and only 10 were bought?
Or Lynx instead of AB 212AS/UH-1 in the 1970s.

10 Sea King Mk 50s were purchased in 1974, deliveries started in August that year. Note that Sydney R17 (Majestic class CVL converted to LPH with 6 LCM-6s) had decommissioned in November 1973, with the planned replacement to be Tobruk L50 (enlarged Round Table LSH) so there was a reduction in the number of Sea Kings that could be usefully employed by the RAN.

By 1980 4 Sea Kings had been lost (mainly to main gearbox oil loss issues), so in 1980 2 more were ordered (with increased cabin space) - and 3 more (primarily as a spares source) by 1985.

So there were 10 in 1975, 6 by 1979, and 8 after 1980.
 
I haven't heard of that, but I wouldn't be surprised; the ADF was a bandit for wanting stuff it wasn't going to get.
I remember reading it in a 1970s edition of Jane's and that the reduction from 20 to 10 was one of the middle 1970s Post-Vietnam/Whitlam Government defence cuts. My guess is that it they were to replace more of the Wessexes that they bought in the 1970s.
 
Or Lynx instead of AB 212AS/UH-1 in the 1970s.
Your guess, not mine. Lynx had nothing in common with the ADF's other helicopters, where as AB 212AS/UH-1 did. They'd be more likely to buy the Sea Sprite than Lynx because it's GE T58 engines would provide some standardisation with the RR Gnome engines on the Sea Kings.
10 Sea King Mk 50s were purchased in 1974, deliveries started in August that year. Note that Sydney R17 (Majestic class CVL converted to LPH with 6 LCM-6s) had decommissioned in November 1973, with the planned replacement to be Tobruk L50 (enlarged Round Table LSH) so there was a reduction in the number of Sea Kings that could be usefully employed by the RAN.

By 1980 4 Sea Kings had been lost (mainly to main gearbox oil loss issues), so in 1980 2 more were ordered (with increased cabin space) - and 3 more (primarily as a spares source) by 1985.

So there were 10 in 1975, 6 by 1979, and 8 after 1980.
To clarify they wanted to buy 20 Sea Kings in the 1970s. (See my reply to @Rule of cool for more details.) That's why I didn't mention the Sea Kings bought in the 1980s.
 
The ADF did a big helicopter buy in the early 70s, it was planned to be 75 OH58, I think 42 UH1, 12 AH1G and 12 CH47C. The end of the Viwetnam war cut this back to 56 OH58, 12 UH1 and 12 CH47C. I don't think it would be too hard to slip the SH/UH2 in there, perhaps transferring the RANs UH1s to the RAAF to partially compensate them.
For what it's worth these are the exact quantities according to the ADF Serials website (http://adf-serials.com.au/3a16.htm) that I found when I was looking for something else.
On March 10, 1970, the Minister for Defence (John Gorton - Later Prime Minister Sir John Grey Gorton) announced a comprehensive helicopter acquisition program for the RAAF and the Australian Army which was to include 84 Light Observation Helicopters (LOH), 42 Utility Helicopters (UH) and 11 Helicopter Gunships.
With the withdrawal of Australian forces from Vietnam the LOH purchase was pared back to 75 Kiowa (subsequently reduced to 56) and the UH order to 14 UH-1H Iroquois (7 in 1970 for 5 Sqn, 2 replacements in 1971 for 9 Sqn in Vietnam and a final 5 delivered in March 1974) plus 12 Ch-47C Chinook Medium Lift Helicopters.
The 11 helicopter gunships were intended to improve firepower and battlefield surveillance capabilities for the Australian Army and a budget of$13.2m was set aside for acquisition. A final decision on the type of helicopter to be selected was planned to be made in April 1970. The two contenders were both from the Bell stable in the form of the AH-1 Cobra and the armed UH-1 Iroquois (similar to the Bushranger configured Hueys that 9 Sqn had operated successfully in Vietnam).
In December 1970, the AH-1G Huey Cobra was selected at a program cost of $12.4m and the A16 serial prefix was allocated to the type for RAAF service. It is probable that these aircraft would have been diverted from the U.S. Army production batch serialled 71-20983 to 71-21052 delivered in 1973.
A new helicopter unit (8 Sqn RAAF) was to be formed but it had not been decided whether the Cobras would equip 8 Sqn at Townsville or be shared with 9 Sqn at Amberley.
As it turned out, the RAAF AH-1G order was cancelled on October 7, 1971. The Army tried to reverse the cancellation in support of the RAAF given the experience gained in Vietnam. However, it was not to be and the RAAF and Army soldiered on with the UH-1H Bushranger until a dedicated type was selected decades later in the form of the Eurocopter Tiger ARH.
Around 1992, there was an rumour circulating around RAAF Amberley that there had been some Cobras spotted sporting RAAF roundels. These may have actually been visiting U.S. aircraft that had been "zapped" with kangaroos!
 
10 Sea King Mk 50s were purchased in 1974, deliveries started in August that year. Note that Sydney R17 (Majestic class CVL converted to LPH with 6 LCM-6s) had decommissioned in November 1973, with the planned replacement to be Tobruk L50 (enlarged Round Table LSH) so there was a reduction in the number of Sea Kings that could be usefully employed by the RAN.

By 1980 4 Sea Kings had been lost (mainly to main gearbox oil loss issues), so in 1980 2 more were ordered (with increased cabin space) - and 3 more (primarily as a spares source) by 1985.
According to the ADF Serials website (http://www.adf-serials.com.au/n16.htm) the RAN acquired a total of 16 Sea Kings. 10 delivered in 1975, 2 delivered in 1983, one ex-RN aircraft delivered in 1996 to replace N16-124 and another 3 ex-RN aircraft (no delivery date) for spares recovery which weren't given RAN serials.
 
Part of Post 101.
Is it true that 20 Sea Kings were wanted and only 10 were bought?
Post 104 in full.
I haven't heard of that, but I wouldn't be surprised; the ADF was a bandit for wanting stuff it wasn't going to get.
Post 105.
I remember reading it in a 1970s edition of Jane's and that the reduction from 20 to 10 was one of the middle 1970s Post-Vietnam/Whitlam Government defence cuts. My guess is that it they were to replace more of the Wessexes that they bought in the 1970s.
It looks like I was suffering from false memory syndrome because I've looked at the copies of Jane's 1972-73 to 1974-75 on Internet Archive and they don't mention plans to buy 20 Sea Kings.

Jane's 1972-73 doesn't mention the Sea King purchase at all, but it does say this on Page 13.
New Projected Construction Programme
2 Diesel Electric Submarines (Orion, Otama)​
8 to 10 Light Fleet Destroyers​
1 Combat Support Ship (20,270 tons) (Protector)​
1 Hydrographic Vessel (Flinders)​
1 Oceanographic Ship (Cook)​
But Jane's 1973-74 says on Page 30.
Naval Procurement
Under the 1972-73 Defence authorization the following have been, or are to be ordered:​
3 Destroyers (DDL type) to be built at Williamstown at a cost of $A355 million.​
3 Destroyers (DLGs Hobart, Perth and Brisbane) to be modernized at a cost of $A33 million.​
4 Frigates (Parramatta, Stuart, Yarra and Derwent) to have extended refits at a cost of $A50 million.​
10 Sea King helicopters in lieu of 20 Wessex at a cost of $A43 million (delivery in 1974).​
6 Lynx helicopters at a cost of $A4 million.​
And Jane's 1974-75 says on Page 30.
Naval Procurement and Modernisation
  • The 3 Destroyers which were to have been built at Williamstown were deferred in August 1973. Foreigh built alternatives are being examined to fill the acknowledged requirement. At the same time plans for the Support ship Protector were deferred whilst a cheaper solution was sought.
  • 3 Destroyers (DLGs Hobart, Perth and Brisbane) to be modernized at a cost of $A33 million (see class notes). Older frigates to have extended refits.
  • 4 Frigates (Parramatta, Stuart, Yarra and Derwent) to have extended refits at a cost of $A50 million.
  • 10 Sea King helicopters in lieu of 20 Wessex at a cost of $A43 million (delivery in 1974).
  • 6 Lynx helicopters at a cost of $A4 million.
Or was I? Because the following is on Page 31 of the copy of Jane's 1975-76 on Internet Archive.
Naval Procurement and Modernisation
  • In April 1974 the Australian Government decided to acquire two United States Patrol Frigates rather than proceed with the proposed DDL project, (see Jane's 1974). At the same time it was stated that further proposals will later be necessary for the acquisition of additional destroyers of the type to be determined.
  • 3 Destroyers (DDGs Hobart, Perth and Brisbane) being modernised (see class notes). Older frigates to have extended refits.
  • 10 Sea King helicopters (in lieu of 20) at a cost of $A43 million. Delivery of majority expected in the first half of 1975. A Sea King flight simulator costing $A2.5 million is scheduled to be operational by March 1976.
Which suggests that 20 Sea Kings were originally wanted OR it could be a typo for "in lieu of 20 Wessex" like Jane's 1973-74 and Jane's 1974-75. The latter is the most likely.

Post 98.
What helicopters are these RAN Type 12s going to carry?

The RAN bought 27 Wessex ASW helicopters in 1962, 2 Westland Scout in 1963 (for survey ships), 7 UH1 utility helicopters in 1964, 6 OH58 Kiowa in 1973 and 10 Westland Sea Kings in 1976.

There were other significant Australia helicopter buys in the 60s and early 70s that might be re-jigged to include maybe Wasps or Sea Sprites for an RAN escort with helicopter facilities.
Another part of Post 101.
If it's in the 1960s my guess is that it would probably be the Wasp to standardise with the RN & RNZN. My second choice would be the Italian AB 204AS or a Bell-built version of it to standardise with the UH-1s.

If it's the 1970s my guess is AB 212AS or a Bell-built version to standardise with the UH-1s.
Part of Post 102.
Or Lynx instead of AB 212AS/UH-1 in the 1970s.
@Rule of cool, if the planned purchase of 6 Lynxes IOTL for the Light Destroyers is anything to go buy then we're both wrong and @BlackBat242 was right.
 
Part of Post 101.
Is it true that 20 Sea Kings were wanted and only 10 were bought?
To muddy the waters even further this is Post 2 from the thread "Australian AOE Replenishment Ship HMAS Protector".
The Super Frelon was a favoured bidder for the RAN's requirement for a Wessex replacement helicopter. In 1971-72 it looked like 15-20 Super Frelons with ASW equipment were going to be purchased. With the Sikorsky Sea King and Boeing Chinook also being considered. But in the end only 10 Westland Sea Kings were purchased because they were cheaper. The Super Frelon was preferred because it was bigger and more powerful. To win the sale R-R had to squeeze and extra 130 hp from each Gnome engine. The RAN had also wanted to buy the Lynx for the DDL and 15 more Sea Kings and the Air Force was going to buy more UH-1s, CH-47s and the AH-1G and there were going to be twice as many OH-58s built by licensee CAC at this time. But that was all cut by the new Whitlam Labor Government.
10 Sea Kings + 15 more Sea Kings = 25 Sea Kings.

So I might have been right (but for the wrong reason) after all.
 
@NOMISYRRUC Dec 72 to Nov 75 were the Whitlam years, a Prime Minister-ship not known for it's stability. They were also the post Vietnam and British withdrawal years and first few years of the 'Guam Doctrine', Australia published it's first ever Defence White Paper in 1976. It's not surprising that Defence thinking and planning was all over the place.
 
@NOMISYRRUC Dec 72 to Nov 75 were the Whitlam years, a Prime Minister-ship not known for it's stability. They were also the post Vietnam and British withdrawal years and first few years of the 'Guam Doctrine', Australia published it's first ever Defence White Paper in 1976. It's not surprising that Defence thinking and planning was all over the place.
Fair enough. Though having bought 27 Wessex helicopters in the 1960s it's plausible that the RAN would have wanted a similar number of aircraft to replace them.
 
Fair enough. Though having bought 27 Wessex helicopters in the 1960s it's plausible that the RAN would have wanted a similar number of aircraft to replace them.

Not if you follow the history of the ASW helicopter and the leap in capability that the RN achieved from 1958 to the mid / late 1970s in moving from Whirlwind HAS 7 through Wessex HAS 1 to Wessex HAS 3, to Sea King HAS 1 to Sea King HAS 2. In particular the Sea King brought a significant increase in range.

The RAN bought 27 Wessex 31A in 1962 (roughly equivalent to Wessex HAS 1). Range 262 nautical miles.

23 were upgraded to Wessex 31B (roughly equivalent to Wessex HAS 3 capable of fully autonomous operations) in 1968- 69.

The leap to Sea King Mk 50 not only brought another increase in capability (which then went into the RN Sea King HAS 2) but an increase in range to 500 nautical miles (925 km) as well as increased weapons carrying capability.

So fewer aircraft required to carry out the same functions.
 
A few other factors at play were that 27 Wessex were bought because the fixed with FAA was to be disbanded. When this was reversed I suspect the RAN found itself with more Wessex than it needed, certainly more than it could put on Melbourne with 4 x A4 and 6-8 S2E.

In addition, even before the 1976 hangar fire that destroyed most of the S2Es the RAN was looking at getting 6 S2Gs from the boneyard. This was occurring concurrently with the Sea King acquisition and equated to a big jump in capability, which was further enhanced by getting 16 instead of 6 S2G after the fire.
 
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