Pumping out six times the specific impulse of an SR-71’s afterburning J-58 engine, the YJ102R might be the most powerful turbojet on the planet—at least by weight. It’s barely bigger than two breadboxes. Yet the Liberty Works / Rolls Royce-designed powerplant will push a new generation of cruise missiles, the Lockheed Martin Skunk Works-built Revolutionary Approach To Time-critical Long Range Strike (RATTLRS), past Mach 3.
Lockheed Martin and the Office of Naval Research (ONR, the DoD office that sponsored the missile’s development) invited Popular Mechanics to take a look at a full-scale model of RATTLRS, on display on the hanger deck of the USS Kearsarge. It’s name might be awkward, but RATTLRS is as sleek as they come. Literally—the missile’s translating nose spike and highly swept wings look almost identical to the SR-71’s nacelle. “It’s almost as if it’s heritage,” ONR program manager Lawrence Ash says.
It might look heritage, but it’s pretty clear there’s some serious innovation inside the diminutive missile’s 21-foot-long airframe. For one, it uses no afterburner, yet is powerful enough to accelerate through the sound barrier while in a steep climb—an impossible feat until now. How does a single-spool YJ102R—with a compressor stage shorter than a foot long—generate that much power? That’s, um, half classified and half industry secret. But, says Rolls Royce’s Wayne Moni, “the high air temperature makes that power possible.”
And high temperature means high pressure, which brings us back to the nose spike. The SR-71’s engine’s biggest innovation was it’s spike, which moved forward and aft, changing the geometry of the intake to absorb the high-mach shockwave and slow the intake air to sub-sonic speeds. The Blackbird’s engine used a sophisticated bleed air vents in the spike that sucked in air, bypassing the compressor and lowering intake pressure. This air was—depending on the Mach number, either bled into the atmosphere or reinjected into the engine farther down the line.
Nobody will say whether there are bleed vents on the spike, but there are pretty obvious bleed vents along the forward quarter of the missile, which Skunk Works deputy program manager Barry Brown confirmed were bleed vents to lower pressure. It’s likely that the airspike’s translation alters how much intake air flows out of those vents, closing them off at lower Mach numbers to create pressure, and opening them in the Mach 3+ regime to keep the air volume from overwhelming the compressor.
Either way, it doesn’t seem like that air is reinjected anywhere else along the line, although Bob Duge of Rolls Royce tells me future versions will employ additional ram air in the combustor. “That will get us closer to hypersonic speeds,” he says.
What is clear is that the lack of a JP-10 sucking afterburner means huge savings in fuel economy, greatly lowering weight and increasing range. How far, exactly, is also classified, but Brown says the missiles first flight next year is planned at 500 nautical miles.
So what, exactly, is this revolutionary new missile going to deliver, and to whom? That, also, is classified, although the missile’s unclassified information card features a graphic of a bunker-buster type missile along with a cluster bomb. And although he does confirm that the missile’s purpose includes the Global War on Terror, ONR’s Ash won’t divulge other target sets. “Let’s just say,” he tells me, “that RATTLRS is designed to hit targets with great precision within minutes of a decision to strike.”
There’s just one problem: A customer. Although the missile is designed for placement on everything from a B-52 to the Joint Strike Fighter to a destroyer to a submarine, Congress has yet to express interest in the missile.
But even if the RATTLRS prototype is a one-off, if it really delivers the combination of reliability, affordability and extreme speed promised by the design team, the technology will eventually mature. Who doesn’t need an engine that’s no bigger than a six cylinder—and is rated to Mach 3? —Benjamin Chertoff
RATTLRS is on display to the public through Tuesday, on board the USS Kearsarge, Pier 88 in Manhattan.