Research situation in Europe
Research on future HSCT engines was conducted mainly by RR and SNECMA, with the participation of MTU and Fiat, and a MidTandem Fan (MTF) type Variable Cycle Engine based on SNECMA's MCV99 was selected as the basic engine. During takeoff and climb, both fans flow maximum airflow, and the engine operates as a turbofan with a bypass ratio of about 2. At supersonic speeds of Mach 2, the air to the Mid-Fan is closed, and the engine behaves as an engine with a bypass ratio of about 1. Also, from the viewpoint of noise reduction, it is considered sufficient to use an improved two-dimensional nozzle used in the Concorde/Olympus593, rather than a huge Mixer-Ejector Nozzle.