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Hi,

As I understand it,its not really about "filling an orbit" with anything but rather more of a "triggering a chain reaction/reaching critical mass" type thing.  Specifically, if you can get enough "objects" of suffcient size/mass/energy to intersect with the orbital paths of various satellites any "collisions" with one of those satellites will produce additional high energy/velocity "debris"in that "orbit band" radiating out in slightly different directions (due to the mechanics of the collision) which could then impact other additional satellites in or near that orbit.  Eventually, if the density of the objects is great enough within that "orbit band" and you create enough "cascading debris"you can reach a sort of "critical mass" chain reaction that will cause the amount of potentially damaging debris tocontinue to grow.

Here it should also be borne in mind that although an object in a specific orbit will travel at a specific speed to keep it in orbit and that objects in other orbits will have other speeds, a collision can result in particles  of differing speeds, which would lead to this debris potentially spreading into higher and lower orbits, hence the refefence to "orbit bands".  And also, orbits can intersect,where for example an object in a highly elliptical orbit can cross paths with other orbits including a wide band of more circular ones, potentially spreading the range of danger from collisions, if Iam understanding correctly.