The New York Times understands copyright law. No one I've seen online does. Copying styles is not the issue. OpenAI has taken military-grade pattern recognition technology and applied it to text and images on a scale far beyond what even a large group of individuals can do, and Microsoft is backing it with billions. Why is that? Because they know they can monetize this across multiple languages around the world. It's about using copyright works without permission or compensation. There's ZERO shakiness about the Times' position, and I'm sure they ran this by their legal department before filing. By the way, I've been working in publishing for decades. Some people want to apply the "we only stole this a little" fallacy. OpenAI took a chance and they are now in the crosshairs, along with Microsoft.
Maybe the media did not convey the issue well, I don't know. If style is not the issue, what is?
You mention "it's about using copyright works without permission/compensation". Okay, so how is OpenAI using NYT works or GRRM works? Is it by reading it? If so, that's legal.
Is it by writing down, word for word, its contect? If so, that's legal.
Is it by memorizing its contents? If so, that too is legal.
Is it doing all that without paying for access? Meaning without subscribing to NYT? That's illegal, of course. Doing it via library would be legal but of course, we know OpenAI doesn't work that way. But solution is pretty simple, to subscribe for access.
So, unless the law changes and explicitly states "Humans reading content is legal. But machine reading content is not legal" then what OpenAI is doing is legal.
Right now, the laws are still possibly behind the times. They may not have been ready for AI changes. But until they change, (and they may change within just years) I am having trouble seeing what law was breached.
In that regard, the NYT lawsuit and other lawsuits may be more about creating awareness and creating pressure on lawmakers to change laws. Rather than actually being about winning this current, specific crop of lawsuits.