Soviet vs US radar processors comparison

So, the immediate successor to the POISK architecture Ts100 family in the 1990s was the OS2000 Baget RealTime Operating System (RTOS) with POSIX capability (UNIX-like).

Baget was designed for both Intel x86 (386 or 486) chips or MIPS RISC architecture processors. In the Post-Soviet era, Intel and MIPS compatible chips were produced in Russia.

Several Baget/Baguet based computers have been used e,g. on Su-35.

For the MIPS architecture Russia has the RISC KOMDIV-32 CPU (MIPS1/MIPS3000 architecture) and KOMDIV-64 (MIPS IV/MIPS4000 architecture) which are space-hardened and used in a lot of industrial roles. Apprently the Su-35 and Su-57 computers use the latest KOMDIV-64 dual-core 64bit 1890VM8YA running up to 800MHz in onboard computers in some applications.

The latest RTOS using is Sukhoi's RV BagrOS-4000 (presumably Baget-derived or compatible?) for the Russian Elbrus-2000 VLIW architecture with chips running up to 2GHz available. Elbrus-2000 CPUs used or will be used on the Su-57. Elbrus is a fairly unique design most similar to the ill-fated Intel Itanium processor, which was designed by the original Elbrus designer for Intel after he emigrated to the United States.

There's also an ARM-compatible Russian CPU but I've not seen any mention of that for avionics.

In both architectures, domestic producers like Mikron have struggled to master the required process improvements to make faster processors so TSMC have been making the faster processors for Russia, up until the Ukraine War presumably.
 
Last edited:
LukaszK said:
According to the technology... the main computer - was used somehow"civil" product (as this was experimental design).

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Электроника-60
https://www.electriz.ru/mikro-evm-elektronika/mikroevm-elektronika-81-1.html

For testing this was ideal (cheap, COST solution, with good performance), but rather not directly to be moved into military systems.
They developed "own" PSP using LSI technology.
Click to expand...
Yes, this was a 'breadboard" prototype using an off-the-shelf high performance digital computer (4 times speed of a Ts-100). It was never something you could directly put into production.
 
Baget-53-31M.jpg
Baget-53-31M on left. Right is a replacement new generation computer.


The Ministry of Defense ordered a new version of the OS "Baguette"​

25 September 201714 84117

The Defense Ministry decided to upgrade its real-time operating system Baget and invested about 420 million rubles in developing a new version, reports bmpd with reference to the CNews resource.

The Ministry of Defense ordered a new version of the OS Baguette

The onboard digital computer BTSVM "Baguette-53-31М series 1" produced by JSC "Ramenskoye instrument-making design bureau", using the real-time operating system OS RV "Baguette 3.0".

The new fourth version of the OS "Baguette" should be ready by November 2019.

The resource notes that “all competences for the development of the OS“ Baguette ”are concentrated in the organization that developed its previous versions - the Research Institute of System Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NIISI RAS)”.

It is reported that, unlike general-purpose operating systems (such as Windows and Linux), the Baguette OS “is designed to respond (very quickly) not to user actions, but to external events, that is, their main field of application is devices that work including in automatic mode. "

“The new development is designed for computing systems VVST (weapons, military and special equipment) working on domestic processors 1890ВМ6Я, 1890ВМ7Я, 1890ВМ8Я, 1890ВМ9Я and 1890ВМ108. All of them are also created at NIISI on the Komdiv Institute’s own architecture, which the organization calls MIPS-compatible. Serial production of the first two models began in 2011, the third and fourth - in 2016. The release of the latter according to official plans is scheduled for 2017, ”the material says.

As follows from the documents posted on the public procurement website, the created “operating system will become a multi-core OS with built-in monitoring and recovery tools after failures, its reaction time to various processes will be from 1,5 to 200 microseconds.”
Click to expand...
 
Last edited:
Aha!
The Su-27, Su-30 fighters of the MKI, MKM, MKA modifications (export versions for India, Malaysia and Algeria) and Su-30MK2 (export version 2) are equipped with the BTsVM-486-2K, BTsVM-486-1M and BTsVM-900, developed in the late 90s.

They are built, as the name suggests, on 32-bit i486DX4-90 processors with a frequency of 90 MHz, and run on the RelMK32 real-time operating system (RTOS), programmable in C/C++ and Assembler.

Unlike a regular OS, an RTOS must respond to external events (signals from controls and sensors) within a certain short period of time. Its use provides a predictable and fast response to events.

All of them can be powered by 27VDC and 115VAC at 400Hz.

The main interfaces are ARINC 429, a trunk serial interface according to GOST 26765.52-87, one-time command lines according to GOST 18977-79 and various lines with signals about serviceability and operating modes.

RS-232C, ARINC 429 and a parallel 32-bit bus for connecting the KSOP-2 adapter are used for programming.
Click to expand...
 

Attachments

  • BCVM-486-1M.png
    BCVM-486-1M.png
    110.5 KB · Views: 4
  • bvcm-486-2K.jpg
    bvcm-486-2K.jpg
    25.2 KB · Views: 4
  • BCVM-900.jpg
    BCVM-900.jpg
    17.9 KB · Views: 4
Much more interesting, in my opinion, are the Baget series onboard computers, namely BAGET-53-31, BAGET-53-31M and BAGET-53-31M series 1, which are part of the information and control systems of the Su-34 and Su-35 aircraft .

Baget-53.png

They look identical in appearance.
What is interesting about them is that they are built on KOMDIV-64SMP (1890VM5F) processors , developed by the Scientific Research Institute of System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2005.

These are superscalar (capable of executing multiple instructions in parallel) processors with MIPS IV architecture and a frequency of 260-396 MHz.

They are manufactured using CMOS technology, 0.35 micron process, unfortunately, at foreign factories: TSMC, UMC, GlobalFoundries, XFAB...

BCMV BAGET operate under the control of the real-time operating system OSRV "Baget 3.0" (2004-2008), using the concept of a microkernel and dividing the system into separate, slightly interacting parts to reduce the impact of failures in one part on the others. The system is based on C/C++ and Assembler.

This OS has a graphical interface based on the ARINC 653 specification and the POSIX 1003.1 standard, which is responsible for the unification of user interfaces of various UNIX systems.

Information exchange between the on-board computer modules is carried out via the VME 32 and PCI 2.1 buses.

In addition to the "standard" interfaces, there are Fibre Channel channels with a linear data transfer rate of 1062.5 Mbit/s for information exchange and output of a graphic image of the interface, and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technological channels for loading and debugging software.

BAGET-53-31M series 1 has a graphic module MGK-8 for forming 2D and 3D images and a memory capacity of 8 GB. Pulls almost on a personal PC :)

Generation 5​

Baguettes were originally included in the Su-57 (also known as the T-50 and PAK FA), but as development progressed, the amount of new electronics in the aircraft increased, and the buns stopped carrying them.

In 2017, JSC State Ryazan Instrument-making Plant presented the IMA BK integrated modular avionics computer (integrated modular avionics computer for combat systems).




BCVM IMA BK
Its heart is four 1888TX018 SBIS , developed by ZAO NTC Modul.

IMA BK.png

External appearance of SBIS
The microcircuits perform the functions of a central computer, processing, recognition, encoding, decoding and outputting a video signal.

The VLSI is a system on a chip (SoC) and includes two PowerPC 470S CPUs with a frequency of 400-800 MHz for calculations and four NeuroMatrix NMC3 DSPs (digital signal processors) with a frequency of 400 MHz.

DSPs are usually used to process video signals, but here they can also process signals from radars. Although this depends on how programmers write software :)

There is also a DDR3 memory controller, Ethernet GMII, MII/RMII, GSPI/SDIO, SPI, UART, USB2.0 HSOTG, I2C, MKO, SpaceWire, FibreChannel, ARINC-818, PCI-e 4x and GPIO interfaces.

The process technology is quite modern - 28 nm CMOS, where they are manufactured, I did not find. "Module" made its other microcircuits at Fujitsu and GlobalFoundries.

The BCVM has 16 GB of RAM with EC and 1 TB of ROM and a set of external interfaces similar to the Baguettes.

The OS used is the RTOS "BagrOS 4000", developed by PJSC "Sukhoi Company" for multi-core processors with ARINC 653 support.

Overall, it's an interesting thing and looks good on paper. But whether they'll finish the Su-57 to a normal condition or abandon it and start making the sixth generation right away is a completely different story...
Click to expand...
 
[Kopyo-M]
The aircraft’s processor is replaced with Phazotron’s Ts501F reprogrammable signal processor, and the Ts175 computer is replaced with the Ts181F data processor, also developed by Phazotron-NIIR.
Click to expand...
Aerospace Herald April 2001

[Arbalet-M]
Data processor BCVM Ts181F
Clock frequency - 100 MHz
RAM capacity - 8.8 MB
ROM/EPROM capacity - 16/2 MB
Data logger memory capacity - 48
Speed (operations of type r-r) - 100 million op/s
Interfaces:
- Q-bus - 1 pc.
- ARINC-429 (32 in/16 out)
- MIL-STD- 15553B - 2 pcs.
- one-time comm. - 8 in/8 out
Signal Processor Baget-55-04.01
Clock frequency - 50 MHz
RAM capacity - 4 MB
EPROM capacity - 16 MB
Performance - up to 1680 MFLOPS
Digital data input speed - up to 120 Mbps
Interfaces:
- Q-bus - 1 pc.
- RS-232C - 1 pc
- RS-422 - 1 pc.
- one-time comm. - 8 in/8 out
- analog TV output RGB - STANAG 3350B
Click to expand...

Арбалет РЛК - ВПК.name

vpk.name vpk.name
 
Last edited:
Circuit boards of on-board computers are also unified. In particular, they are identical in the "Baget-53-15" computers used in the Kh-101 missile and the Ka-52 helicopter. Identical boards marked VT33-205 are shown below. 3cc6314eff00e37b.jpg
Click to expand...

en.defence-ua.com

Important Detail About Western Electronics in russian Missiles Revealed: Typical Circuit Boards From a Small Number of Suppliers | Defense Express

Researchers identified 144 foreign suppliers of more than 650 unique electronic components, and since units of russian missile are unificated, and same elements from the same manufacturers are used, the supply of those can be stopped
en.defence-ua.com en.defence-ua.com
 

History of the development of aviation onboard digital computers in Russia.​

История развития авиационных бортовых цифровых вычислительных машин в России.

Виртуальный компьютерный музей. История компьютеров в СССР и за рубежом. Англо-русский компьютерный словарь. Вычисления в докомпьютерную эпоху. Технологии. Компьютерные игры. История развития электросвязи. История развития ПО.
www.computer-museum.ru www.computer-museum.ru

Useful overview from Konstantin Kolpakov | 08/31/1999
 
On-board digital computers based on the “POISK” architecture (problem-oriented with a variable command system) were developed at the Argon Research Institute. The first on-board digital computer of the Ts100 series was transferred to serial production in 1983. In the early 1980s, the Ts101 and Ts102 machines were created, and in 1986, the Ts104 machine was completed.

The potential effective performance of the C100 is 180 thousand ops, C101, C102 and C104 - about 400 thousand ops. The RAM capacity of the C101 and C102 is 16K x 18 bits, ROM - 64K x 16 bits (128K x 16 bits), RAM 256x16 bits. The C104 on-board computer has a RAM with a capacity of 8K x 18 bits, ROM - 64K x 16 bits and RAM - 256x16 bits. The weight of the C101 and C102 machines is 23 kg, power consumption is 300 W, and the C104 - 21 kg and 200 W, respectively.
Click to expand...

Leninetz's Ts200 is from 1985 and was the first Soviet PSP (Programmable Signal Processor). I doubt it did 78 MOPS. It seems to have been addressed from a Ts100 series computer; the N010 Zhuk and N011 would have used Ts101/102 main computers initially.
 
Many thanks for the recent info @overscan (PaulMM) and @LukaszK, it's been fascinating to look at soviet radar development from the angle of processor evolution. Still it's frustratingly hard to find info on some recent systems, i still couldn't find anything definite on what is used on B-004, but seeing that the Ts-200 is made by Leninets, aren't they the maker of that radar? So it might make sense to use the Ts-200.

However while perusing the www i found a snippet according to which most modern russian fighters including Su-30SM and Su-34 use iirc a Baget-53-31 see here (scroll down to user78's reply):
sdelanounas.ru

На Новосибирском авиационном заводе выкатили первый лётный образец «Охотника» с плоским соплом

На Новосибирском авиационном заводе (НАЗ) имени Чкалова прошла выкатка первого лётного образца новейшего российского ударного беспилотника С-70 «Охотник». Это первый экземпляр обновлённого «Охотника», оснащённого плоским реактивным соплом, — теперь у комплекса сниженная радиолокационная...
sdelanounas.ru sdelanounas.ru
На Су-30СМ, МиГ-29, Су-34 и Су-35 устанавливаются БЦВМ «БАГЕТ-53-31М» или «БАГЕТ-53-15» с собственным 64 битным процессором КОМДИВ64-М (производится по техпроцессу 65 нм в Зеленограде) с набором команд архитектуры MIPS IV. Параметры таковы, 2 ядра 800 МГц, ОЗУ 1 Гб и ПЗУ 4 Гб, а также блок усилен GPU, который обеспечивает формирование и выдачу 2D и 3D графического изображения по 2-м независимым выходным каналам последовательного однонаправленного интерфейса передачи данных со скоростью 265 Мбит/с.
Click to expand...
Presumably, this must refer to the latest Su-34NVO and Su-30SM variants, and the MiG-29M.

Another bit of info i came across is that the BTsVM-90-6XX is used on Yak-130, and also Su-25SM uses a BTsVM-90 series computer, itself originally intended for Su-25TM, and possibly also Su-27M, Su-24M2, MiG-AT use it.

Probably distancing from just radar processors, but very interesting to explore the whole topic of russian combat aircraft computers.
 
lancer21 said:
производится по техпроцессу 65 нм в Зеленограде
Click to expand...
How can it be when Micron only plans to produce 65nm by 2028 (which coincides with development plans of Russian steppers)?
IIRC micron plans about 65nm production are 15 years old and remained as such. Current limit - 90nm.
 
lancer21 said:
Found this bit here, mentioning among others the various SOLO-21 components for N-036 and L-402.

I might have missed it, but is the SOLO series part of the Baget family, or is it separate altogether?
Click to expand...
Its completely different. It's designed and built by Radio Engineering Department of Onboard Computers of the State Ryazan Instrument-making Plant. GPRZ build all Russian fighter radars and SOLO was initially designed specifically for radar applications. Uses only Russian-designed processors.
 
Last edited:
Highly qualified specialist in the field of on-board computing technology, has extensive practical experience in the development, testing and launching into production of complex electronic equipment. Took direct part in the R&D work on the development of the following specialized digital computers for radar and control systems: BCVM "SOLO-54" for the radar systems of Su-27 and Su-30 aircraft of various modifications; BVK-025 for the N-025 radar system of the MI-28N helicopter; SCVM "SOLO-35.01" and "SOLO-35.02" for the Irbis radar system of Su-35S aircraft; SCVM "SOLO-21" for the N-036EVS computing system of the T-50 aircraft radar; computing system N-036EVS of the T-50 aircraft radar; SCVM "SOLO-21.402" for the L-402 electronic system of the T-50 aircraft; SCVM "SOLO-317" for the 9A317 and 9A317M onboard ground-based air defense systems; SCVM "SOLO-25", "SOLO-25.1" for land-based radars; SCVM "SOLO-25.16", "SOLO-25.46" for the PBM of the "Kizhuch-971M" sonar system for submarines. Currently, it takes an active part in the development of SCVM "SOLO-25.5", "SOLO-25.6" for ground-based air defense radars; SCVM "SOLO-25.I", "SOLO-25.12" for the ground-based radar "Nebo-MM"; SCVM "SOLO-35.03" for the air-based control and indication complex 1LK222; BCVM IMA BK for the IUS of the T-50 object. The SCVM "SOLO-35.01" and "SOLO-35.02", N-036EVS products were presented at the International Aviation and Space Salon MAKS-2011, MAKS-2013.
Click to expand...

The latest Baget computers also use Russian processors.
 

Similar threads

Back
Top Bottom