I suspect that your photo shows a flying test-bed for a new jet engine.
These days it is more common to test a new engine by bolting an extra pylon on an existing multi-engine airplane.
As for production "hacks" … when production of large piston engines overlapped with early jet engines, a few airplanes were powered by both. The Ryan Fireball had a piston engine turning a propeller at the front and a jet engine pushing hot air out the tail.
The USAF retro-fitted a lot of radial-engine transports with booster jet engines for take-off: B-36 bomber, C-119 Flying Boxcar, C-123 Provider, P2 Neptune, etc.
Jet Assisted Take Off rockets can be easily fitted to dozens of other airplanes to improve take-off and climb performance: C-130 Hercules, Martin Marlin flying boat, etc.