6.1 Air Defense Missile Systems based upon the Leopard Main Battle Tank (Studies)
In 1978, under contract by the Dutch Company, Hollandse Signaalapparaten BV., Krauss-Maffei completed a feasibility design study. The objective of the study was to investigate mounting a surface-to-air Missile Tank Turret on a modified Leopard MBT chassis. Three different types of missiles were considered:
6.1.1. "Roland" Surface-to-Air Missile Turret
By considerable retention of most of the standard CA 1 turret, a fully autonomous, air defense missile system was created. In all it was planned that the complete system would carry ten, ready-to-fire "Roland" Anti-Aircraft Missiles. Besides which, for self-defense purposes two 7.62 mm FN Machine Guns and two "Swingfire" Anti-Tank Missiles were proposed. The three man crew concept of the CA 1 was retained. In the roof of the turret the standard Gunner's periscope was replaced by an optronic missile Tracking Unit.
6.1.2. "Rapier" Surface-to-Air Missile Turret
Also with this concept the CA 1 turret remained practically unchanged, two laterally mounted missile launchers replacing the 35 mm cannon. Each launcher containing five of these British developed surface-to-air missiles ready to fire. The means of self-defense which were provided being identical which were proposed for the "Roland" concept. Again the standard Gunner's periscope was replaced by an Optronic Tracking Unit.
6.1.3. "Chaparral" Surface-to-Air Missile Turret
The "Chaparral" lightweight, supersonic, surface-to-air missile requires no guidance after launching, an infrared target seeker head serves this purpose. "Chaparral" is a derivative of the "Sidewinder" AIM-9D air-to-air missile. Eight "Chaparral" missiles (4 on each side) could be stowed in armored launchers on the almost standard CA 1 turret (Guns removed as in both other concepts). Once again, for self-defense purposes two "Swingfire" Anti-Tank Missiles were included in the concept. As target tracking was unnecessary due to the missile infrared seeker, the Gunner periscope remained standard, only an additional "black-box" adaptor was necessary for providing guidance for the "Swingfire" missiles.