NASA first studys for manned Planets Fly-by from 1962 to 1966
at the Marshall Space Flight Center's Future Projects Office, led by Heinz Koelle
head of project: Harry O. Ruppe
proposal by:
Ford's Aeronutronic
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/empronic.htm
General Dynamics/Astronautics led by Krafft Ehricke
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/empamics.htm
Lockheed's Missiles & Space Co.
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/empkheed.htm
...EMPIRE has been pretty much established as one of the inspirations for the MPC Pilgrim/Observer kit, which IIRC either Polar Lights or Moebius is actually re-releasing later this year.
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