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Regarding the vertical tail of the XP-83, every written source that I have found claims that the second prototype had an 18 inch extension to the tail.  As you can see in the drawing earlier in this thread, the XP-83 originally had a rather short tail, like a P-59A.  That is also what is depicted in the factory blueprint that I found.

As mentioned above, spin tests at NACA showed the need for increased vertical fin area.  I suspect that the 18 inch extension was a revision to the original design and that the tail shown in photos of the XP-83 #1 and #2 both already had this extension when they were built.  In other words, the spin tests referred to above were performed on models in the wind tunnel before the first flight of XP-83 #1.

So there is probably the original short tail, as seen in drawings only, and the extended tail, as seen in every available photograph of both XP-83s

Here is an outline of the original design over the blueprint (which is kind of faint):


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