(Multiple 1970s' airliners threads: so
Why did they all settle into today's Airbus and Boeing lines?
I can only be UK-centric: maybe others can do the D/F/N politics better. Key dates/events:
18/10/72: first flight, A300B1/CF6. Hopeless market penetration/
white tails littering Toulouse into 1980.
1/1/73: UK in EEC.
29/4/77: UK nationalises (BAC+HSAL, as) BAe. Shorts, RR and BA already nationalised. Zero risk-finance in the aero industry.
7/7/78: Airbus Industrie GIE launches A310/CF6; 9/78, wing to BAe.; 24/10/78: UK buys 20% of AI, for BAe.
14/7/78: Boeing launches 767.
23/3/79: Boeing launches 757; BA launch customer, RB211-535 "baseline".
That sequence left no new civil design work for Dassault, McDonnell Douglas Corpn., Short, who had all tried through this time to launch new types in collaboration. Other design teams that had to settle for sub-contract fabrication included Aeritalia, Breguet, Convair (DC-10 fuselage, 747 lower nose), Fokker, Nord Avn, Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm. (ex-HFB/Hamburg, ex-VFW/Bremen) and (ex-Sud Avn./Nantes, St.Nazaire) retained design and fabrication competence.
Relative merit of Proposals was not the decisive factor causing A310/757/767 to prevail. Politics/money were. 2 quotes to illustrate:
Chairman T.Wilson: by ’72 Boeing had “sold c.$20Bn. of commercial airplanes and hadn’t made any money
(an) absolute basket case on 737
(great early) difficulties on 747”
R.J.Serling,Legend & Legacy,St.Martin’s P.,92,P.385. By 1978 the sole large airliners
ever to deliver respectable profit-on-investment had been Viscount, 707, 727, 747.
PM Callaghan visited US to settle UK Aero-industrial policy, 7/78: “Boeing talked down
(as if he came from an) underdeveloped country
(. MDC’s) ‘concept
(was) never really
(a) concrete proposition’”
J.Newhouse,The Sporty Game,Knopf,82,P208.
Boeing & MDC wanted his Launch Aid money, not the design wit of his rude mechanicals. 15% of 767 structure, declined by
Jim, was sourced from each of Aeritalia and (the Japanese consortium), who tooled up...lost very large sums upfront, but came back for more on follow-on programmes. None of the schemes in these posts should be seen as attempts-on-profit. States possessed Aero, which must be employed "in the National Interest".
Others did not read this history. Canada rushed in, built up Bombardier to be 3rd. largest, in recent civil deliveries...and are now reported to be desperate to unload. Russia and China are aiming for their exact RJ segment, which Embraer now near-owns. A re-run, then, of DC-10 v. L.1011, ensuring pain for all. All so odd.