The first aircraft carriers ..... However, not the first. Our first aircraft carrier "Русь" was built in 1904, back in the days of РИ. It was designed to base balloons that served as reconnaissance and spotters for long-range firing of battleships. As for the СССР, the first aircraft carriers of пр.1123 and пр.1123M were indeed anti-submarine cruisers. Their entirety air group consisted only of anti-submarine helicopters (and a small number of attack and transport helicopters). Then the Як-38 vertical take-off/landing aircraft appeared, but they did not reclassify the ships. Soviet ideology considered the classic aircraft carrier a weapon of imperialism. Ships пр.1143.5 were already full-fledged strike aircraft carriers with an air group of Су-33 carrier-based fighters. But they were also called aircraft-carrying cruisers because in addition to the air group, the ship carried a full set of missile weapons corresponding to a missile cruiser.