To comment on a few ideas.
First, regarding guns, it was obviously a bad idea to leave them out (this due to the missile craze in the 1950s-1960s). Gunpods severely limited the aircraft range on Su-9/11/15 because they couldn't carry drop tanks at the same time. So obviously the best solution is for the Su-9/11/15 to have retained guns, let's say 2x lighter AM-23 on the Su-9/11 in the wingroots (originally intended to carry NR-30s), and 1x GSh-23L on Su-15. And not mentioned here, but obviously the MiG-21P/S series must retain an internal gun, also the GSh-23L.
So, for a small reduction in overall range, tactical efficiency and practical range are significantly improved, because they could carry all the OTL drop tanks, PLUS the internal guns.
I left out the Yak-28P because i haven't found yet any visual reference of it carrying guns, even in gunpods, though some russian articles keep mentioning GSh-23 for it. Has anyone seen any Yak-28P with guns, whether in gunpods or internal?
And i left the Tu-28P as it's way too big and clumsy to have any use for guns. While the MiG-25P not mentioned here is too fast/specialized to need guns (though they put a gun on the MiG-31 so there's that)
Secondly, there were actually experiments to give at least the Sukhois air to ground capability, so carrying various bombs and rocket pods. This capability can be added relatively easily either during construction or later on to pretty much all the interceptors listed. Plus of course, tactical nukes could have been carried as well. In this respect, the big Tu-28 would have been useful as a bombtruck, either with 2 or more tactical nukes under the wings, or with say twin launchers for up to 8x500kg bombs.
Regarding ARM use against AWACS planes, indeed the iraqis thought of doing just that, using MiG-25Rs to fire i think H-58 ARMs at american planes, but they haven't finished that project. So the soviets could have done this as well i guess, they had various ARMs to chose from, H-28, H-58, H-25MP etc. Or alternatively and probably more straightforward, build passive versions of the bigger and longer ranged missiles like R-40 or R-80 for the same role, like they did with the later R-27P.
