Air defense systems and methods booklets by Molnibalage

[Cifu]

Molnibalage make several really good booklets about the air defense systems, here I try to cover them all:

S-25
S-75 family
S-200 family
S-300 family
IADS / GCI systems of the Cold War
Nike family and BOMARC
HAWK
Patriot
Air defense at the XXI. century
S-125 vs. F-117
2K11 Krug
2K12 Kub
9K33 Osa
9K331 Tor
9K37M1 Buk
9K81 / 9K81M alias S-300V/VM
9K35 Strela-10
2K22M Tunguska
ZU-23-4 Shilka
MANPADS
IADS Equipment of Army Air Defense
Threat of Drone and UAV's

Army Air Defense Chapter

New booklets:
Evolution of Soviet SAM Systems


Download directory:

Download Directory @ Mediafire
Army Air Defense sub-directory

This is the translation of the long Hungarian book what Molnibalage made in cooperation with other guys for ex. with Hpaps, he is well known for the SamSim.
This is the whole, in Hungarian:
click here

Because these chapters (booklets) just a part of a big book are some parts in the document which refer to content of the book in other chapters. Slowly the whole book will be translated, but it could take years to finish it.

Have a good reading!

 

[overscan (PaulMM)]

Re: S-300 family

Interesting read, thanks

 

[stealthflanker]

Re: S-300 family

Looking forward for complete translations.

excellent work.

 

[Cifu]

Re: Soviet SAM system booklets

Because now three family booklet is finished I rather change the topic to cover the booklets in one place, rather than create separate topics.

 

[Cifu]

Re: Soviet SAM system booklets

Molnibalage make a new booklet about the Ground controlled interception & Integrated air defense systems (GCI / IADS) systems of the Cold war. Check the first post!

 

[Cifu]

Three US system on the scope now: Nike family, BOMARC and HAWK.

Have a good reading! ;D

 

[Foo Fighter]

Thank you, Sir. Much appreciated.

 

[sferrin]

"The last version of the Hercules had anti-ballistic missile capability (ABM) but only against “Scud A” type or similar ballistic missiles for this ABM role got the HIPAR radar (with 10 MW peak impulse power). The “Scud” rocket had about M3 speed which meant against ICBMs the Hercules did not have any used but M3 speed ballistic missiles has only about 150 km range. In Europe also was questionable this level ABM of capability because if the troops of WPACT were so close to any of Hercules site it would meant very likely the NATO already has lost the war."

Not sure how the ability to shoot down nuclear-armed missiles is useless. Better than getting nuked.

"The BOMARC similar to Nike Ajax and Hercules never was used in real combat but it has very bad reputation because of the legends and myths which built around the Canadian developed CF-105 Arrow interceptor fighter."

That doesn't make BOMARC a bad missile.

"The ARH guidance was so inaccurate in that time missiles used the conventional warhead only for tests in war only nuclear warhead would be the only real option. (10 kiloton W-40 nuclear fission warhead)"


0:36
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvEnFyQCuz8

So inaccurate. : I appreciate your effort but a little more objectivity, and attention to fact, would be appreciated.

The reason for the nuclear warheads was to increase the possibility of knocking down more than one enemy bomber and because both Hercules and Bomarc were designed to hit targets at very high altitude (150k feet with Hercules and up to 100k with Bomarc B). In the thin air blast warheads are much less effective than at low altitude, which is why Hercules had a 1,100lb warhead.

 

[molnibalage]

"The last version of the Hercules had anti-ballistic missile capability (ABM) but only against “Scud A” type or similar ballistic missiles for this ABM role got the HIPAR radar (with 10 MW peak impulse power). The “Scud” rocket had about M3 speed which meant against ICBMs the Hercules did not have any used but M3 speed ballistic missiles has only about 150 km range. In Europe also was questionable this level ABM of capability because if the troops of WPACT were so close to any of Hercules site it would meant very likely the NATO already has lost the war."

Not sure how the ability to shoot down nuclear-armed missiles is useless. Better than getting nuked.

The doctrine of WPACT was relase as soon as possible all TBM what they had against potential targets. So if any case any WPAC troop would be 150 km close to any NH battery it is 99,9% sure none of WPACT unit would had any BM....
...because they have used them long time ago.

In case of nuclear war nukes very likely would be used long much earlies and not against NH batteries but rather on airbases, very division or army HQs, HV assets of divisions, etc.

Also is other problem the ABM capability means always much smaller eng. zone tham against airplanes. So the NH batterly it could defend only itself or maybe around troops at 20 km but that is all. When you will see the eng. zones of Buk-M1-2, S-300VM, S-400 you will see this. They are in other chapers and only the S-400 has been translated. (75-250 km range SAMs has ATBM eng. zones only up to about 40 km.)

(This is just a part of the book this is why do not see all the links between chapters.)

That doesn't make BOMARC a bad missile.

I worte the same...

0:36
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvEnFyQCuz8

I wrote it used only for test with conventional warhead then you post a video - do you think I do not know it ? - about a test. Well done....

Never heard about the accident with the nuke warhead? In the middile of peacetime even at that readiness state nuclear warheads were stored at site. Can you guess why? In a full scale war nuke warhead would be the real option.

So inaccurate. : I appreciate your effort but a little more objectivity, and attention to fact, would be appreciated.

The book was reviewed by many poeple - using their sources and contacts and knowledge either - writing the book was not a one man show and it took ~3 years. It is written in the foreword which also has not been translated yet...

The reason for the nuclear warheads was to increase the possibility of knocking down more than one enemy bomber and because both Hercules and Bomarc were designed to hit targets at very high altitude (150k feet with Hercules and up to 100k with Bomarc B). In the thin air blast warheads are much less effective than at low altitude, which is why Hercules had a 1,100lb warhead.

In that time control systems were quite primitive as well the active radar on BOMARC. (We are in the '50s...) The only way to ensure the very high Pk was unsing nuke. In case Soviet bombers reach cities with Mt yield bombs it meant much worse scenario. This is why got AIR-2 Genine the F-106 besides the (junk) Falcon AAM...

 

[Cifu]

Thank you for the response.
I'm personally a little more than a "read-it-over" lector for this booklets, but I can point out several things for you.

Not sure how the ability to shoot down nuclear-armed missiles is useless. Better than getting nuked.

That sentences about the a potential nuclear war. Hardly means anything if you can shoot down several SCUD-A (R-11)...

That doesn't make BOMARC a bad missile.

It's about the given reputation, not the exact capabilites.

"The ARH guidance was so inaccurate in that time missiles used the conventional warhead only for tests in war only nuclear warhead would be the only real option. (10 kiloton W-40 nuclear fission warhead)"
...
So inaccurate. : I appreciate your effort but a little more objectivity, and attention to fact, would be appreciated.

Because one test gone well means the whole system is gone well too?
Nota bene: the BOMARC is innacurate, and this is the reason why they gave nuclear warhead to the missile (like they to in the case of the Genie or the Talos).

The reason for the nuclear warheads was to increase the possibility of knocking down more than one enemy bomber and because both Hercules and Bomarc were designed to hit targets at very high altitude (150k feet with Hercules and up to 100k with Bomarc B). In the thin air blast warheads are much less effective than at low altitude, which is why Hercules had a 1,100lb warhead.

Correct me, if I'm wrong, but those missiles not use air blast warheads but fragmentation warheads.
And the soviet bombers won't supposed to fly in tight formations, nuclear bombers never do such things, so knocking out more than one bomber is hardly the reason why they choose nuclear warheads.

 

[CJGibson]

Wasn't a nuclear warhead the solution to fuzing at high closing speeds?

Chris

 

[molnibalage]

Wasn't a nuclear warhead the solution to fuzing at high closing speeds?

Chris

Even the Ajax could reach such high relative velocity as well as any Soviet SAM which for the nuclear warhead was not obligatory. Volkhov and S-200 had nuclear warhead even the early S-300 even from PS had SAGG guidance which guidance acc. is not distane dependent as SARH (S-200.)

 

[Cifu]

The Patriot is finished and uploaded, ou can find it on the first post!

 

[Cifu]

New booklet: the XXI. century in the air defense.

 

[stealthflanker]

I'm rather disagree tho with the advent of phased array seeker against towed decoy.

Despite possible increase in average emitted power and allowance of electronic beamsteering for tarcking wild maneuvering target and (maybe) more resistance to interference (jamming) plus the main advantage of AESA which is reliability. It has nothing to do with resolution. Why resolution ? This is because the towed decoy will be at some distance from the aircraft. In order to separate both target, resolution is necessary. What kind of resolution ? Range and angular.

These two dictates the following :
1.Pulse compression waveform
2.Small beamwidth

These two requires no AESA or even phased array employment. Small beamwidth is achievable by working on high frequency. But high frequency implies more cost for the seeker due to requirements for tighter tolerance in manufacturing the transmitter and antenna, Phased array make it worse by the fact thousands of elements are required if high working frequency is desired

while the pulse compression might be limited by the what is achievable for missile's limited space in processing.

The only remedy currently available today are working in both IR-ARH like Stunner or large warhead. With the latter one can argue that "classical" SAM system may work better against towed decoy by the fact it has just enough amount of warhead to still do damage.

Anyway Nice work looking forward for future materials on air defense.

 

[Cifu]

I had updated the first post, there is a new booklet about the F-117 shootdown over Serbia, and a complete download directory for the files.

 

[molnibalage]

The Army air defense chapter is about 100 pages long therefore I translate step by steps. I decided I start with equipment then will come the structure and organizational and other related topics. So far the listed have been translated. You can find here the translated parts of army air defense.

http://www.mediafire.com/folder/ibpuhagkr7a8w/ENG_-_HT_Osszefoglalo

The listed equipment are done:

2K12 Kub (SA-6) family
9K33 Osa (SA-8) family
9K331/32 Tor (SA-15) family
2K12 Krug (SA-4) family
9K37M1, 9K317 (SA-11, SA-17) Buk family

Is under translation
9K81-1 Sz-300V1, 9K81 Sz-300V, (SA-12A/B Gladiator) 9K81M Sz-300VM SA-23 Giant) family

When will be finished the whole chapter will be packed into a single pdf.

 

[molnibalage]

9K81/9K81M S-300V/VM (SA-12/23) is added.
New folder is created for army air defense.
http://www.mediafire.com/folder/74s425m2dboy5/Army_air_defense

Some attachments were added concerning to Buk, S-300V and 2K12 Krug.

 

[molnibalage]

First post is updated with three new equipment.

 

[Cifu]

MANPADS are added in the first post!

 

[molnibalage]

I forgot to add as link the History of EO missiles into the doc. (Will be added later in another chpater).

Histoy of the Electro-Optical Guided Missiles

MediaFire is a simple to use free service that lets you put all your photos, documents, music, and video in a single place so you can access them anywhere and share them everywhere.

www.mediafire.com

I also uploaded as attachment into my MF directory.

 

[Cifu]

Updated the Opening Post with a new booklet: IADS Equipment of Army Air Defense

 

[molnibalage]

The new part of the series. Threat of drones and UAVs.
http://www.mediafire.com/file/u63w511t6dcw7tt/Threat_of_drones_and_UAVs.pdf/file

You can find it among the Army Air Defense parent directory.

The next part is the structure and organization of armies and AD. It will be quite a long part...
(First post has not been updated yet by Cifu.)

 

[stealthflanker]

The new part of the series. Threat of drones and UAVs.
http://www.mediafire.com/file/u63w511t6dcw7tt/Threat_of_drones_and_UAVs.pdf/file

Excellent work.

I may suggest however to include some materials regarding HPM (High Powered Microwave) Weapon in the energy weapon part. Laser is not the only means. Current technology and development also allows for high powered microwave weapon with power in excess of 1 MW. Ranets E is one such example but there would be many others and this means of countermeasure can work in much wider atmospheric range.

 

[molnibalage]

The new part of the series. Threat of drones and UAVs.
http://www.mediafire.com/file/u63w511t6dcw7tt/Threat_of_drones_and_UAVs.pdf/file

Excellent work.

I may suggest however to include some materials regarding HPM (High Powered Microwave) Weapon in the energy weapon part. Laser is not the only means. Current technology and development also allows for high powered microwave weapon with power in excess of 1 MW. Ranets E is one such example but there would be many others and this means of countermeasure can work in much wider atmospheric range.

When the whole Army Air Defense will be merged into a single file I can add this option either.
Thx, I forgot about this somehow.

 

[Cifu]

I've updated the first post.

 

[molnibalage]

Ladies and gentlemen. Hereby I present as Christmas gift the whole Army Air Defense chapter.
Everything in one piece the structure and organizations as well as the equipment. It is so long that I had to make a table of content...

MediaFire

MediaFire is a simple to use free service that lets you put all your photos, documents, music, and video in a single place so you can access them anywhere and share them everywhere.

www.mediafire.com

I put everything into the old folder which so far have been release. All the previous chapter of the equipment were strongly upgraded. It is worth to read them again.
I fixed small inaccuracies and errors but I also review the grammar. Sometimes I even did not understand what I wised to say...

 

[stealthflanker]

Great Work

This would make a good reference.

 

[TomcatViP]

Very informative. Many thanks to you and merry Christmas.

 

[molnibalage]

New chapter is added.

Evolution of the SAM systems, "the race between the sword and the shield".
http://www.mediafire.com/folder/zbzymba302um8/Evolution,_double_digit

Some images about the content.

 

[molnibalage]

The S-300 family-v2 is available. It is worth to read again it is far better than the original version was. The old version had lots of typo errors as well as very strange grammar in way too many cases.

 

[molnibalage]

The S-25 family-v2 is available.

 

[molnibalage]

The S-75 family-v2 is available.

 

[molnibalage]

The S-125 family-v2 is available.

 

[sferrin]

Any chance of you ever tackling Soviet/Russia antiship missiles?

 

[molnibalage]

The S-200 family-v2 is available.

Any chance of you ever tackling Soviet/Russia antiship missiles?

What you wish to know about ASMs exactly? In general they are just targets for airplanes and SAMs...

 

[sferrin]

The S-200 family-v2 is available.

Any chance of you ever tackling Soviet/Russia antiship missiles?

What you wish to know about ASMs exactly? In general they are just targets for airplanes and SAMs...

Was just wondering if it's something you'd ever considered. What might you tackle after SAMs?

 

[molnibalage]

The S-200 family-v2 is available.

Any chance of you ever tackling Soviet/Russia antiship missiles?

What you wish to know about ASMs exactly? In general they are just targets for airplanes and SAMs...

Was just wondering if it's something you'd ever considered. What might you tackle after SAMs?

There is a whole chapter about AG weapons and many other tings. The book is almost 800 page long. I translated so far only 316. A part of them never will be but the Army air defense was much more detailed in ENG version. It is 30 page longer than the original was.

My plan following the correction to translate the engagement zones but following that...
The life offered me a much better chance to make something with less detail but for a much larger audience. I'm speaking about 100 thousands scale.
This could make slower the translations. Even just managing this 300 pages was 2 year with 6-7 month gap.

 

[molnibalage]

F-117 vs S-125 v2 is available.

 

[molnibalage]

View: https://youtu.be/bye1T0x6lpo