Project 855 'Yasen' SSN
Alexander BRAIN
Severodvinsk - MOSCOW
Early in the morning of 24 July from F I Severodvinsk in the White Sea L ^ went nuclear under water boat-I-I Skog strategic purpose "Yuri Dolgoruky" Project 955 "Borey". Russia's newest missile-carrier Navy, built by Sevmash, continues to test. On the same day at Sevmash held bookmark another nuclear-powered - "Kazan" - the first production multi-purpose submarine Project 885 "Ash-M.
At a solemn ceremony on this occasion came in Severodvinsk Distinguished guests: representatives of Tatarstan, the Navy, Bureau-designer SPMBM "Malachite", enterprise-contractors Sevmash. Brigadier assemblers Viktor Pinchuk and Brigadier welders Yuri Ritko welded to the first section of a future nuclear-powered fitting board.
- It is important that the Sevmash not only managed to keep the production of unique power, but continues to develop them, - said at the ceremonial meeting in the shop N "55, which is constructed" Kazan ", First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan Ravil Muratov. - I Of course, we are pleased that the new ship is given a name in honor of Kazan.
On behalf of President of the Republic of Tatarstan, Ravil Muratov, presented state awards, letters of appreciation and gifts to distinguished officers and seamen Sevmash White Sea naval base.
Deputy Commander in Chief of the Navy of Russia on armament, Vice-Admiral Nikolai Borisov said that "the submarine will be one of the best, according to those characteristics that it contains," and that "submarines are necessary to us" that the navy "hopes to get" Kazan "on schedule".
- And when exactly? - We asked, NK Borisov.
- This will depend on the schedule, which will adopt the Commander of the Navy, "said Nicholas. -We hope that this will happen no later than 2015
The question of the timing of construction is not idle. Head Boat Series --
"Severodvinsk" - was founded on Dec. 21, 1993 system, and dramatically slow. Author directory "Submarines Russia who saw light in 2001, VE Ilyin said: "It was planned that the submarine Severodvinsk" will go down with the composition of Russia's fleet already in 2000, however, in the future, due to lack of funding, these plans are shifted to a later date (known as even in 2007, but the prognosis should be recognized too pessimistic). Alas, the pessimists were not only wrong, but even too optimistic. Now descent to the water "Severodvinsk" is scheduled for next year, and the transfer of the fleet - in 2011
- And what do you want? Of these 16 years, more or less normal, funding in the past 6 years, - commented in this regard Sevmash Director General Nikolai Kalistratov. -We must also take into account that the company had to restore the collapsed cooperations. In fact, to build them anew. In turn SPMBM "Malachite" improved the project, so it is not morally outdated.
- And will there be enough strength in Sevmash cope with a large volume of defense contracts? In fact, besides "Severodvinsk" and "Kazan" on the stocks of your company being built RPLSN Project 955 "Alexander Nevsky and Vladimir Monomakh. In December, assumed a bookmark More "strategy. Obtain an export order for the assembly of two diesel-electric submarines 636 project. Even without refining the Indian aircraft carrier Vikramaditya and production of complex civilian products, it is very even lot.
- I believe - handle, - said Nikolai Kalistratov. - Already Sevmash can annually take the fleet on a nuclear submarine. We hire people. By the way, do not necessarily have special training because the enterprise has its own developed network of institutions training and retraining. The main requirements - good health, as well as work hard shipbuilder, the desire for edification and the ability to see the future. And it all working generating unit certainly is.
But back to the "Kazan". Director General and Chief Designer of SPMBM "Malachite"
Vladimir Pyalov compared the new submarines "Ash" with the fifth generation of cars "Mercedes". For obvious reasons, neither the developers of the project, nor the details of the builders of the subs are not reported. But in the domestic and foreign references to them says a lot. Perhaps the information contained in them is not all accurate, but they give an idea of the possibilities of nuclear-powered ships.
Their full water displacement - about 13 800 tons, length - 119 m. The design - a double-hulled polutorakorpusnaya elements in the nose and in the area of missile silos. On the subs are installed water-cooled reactors of a new generation of OK-650V with a lifetime without recharging the active zone of 25-30 years. Boats - single-novalnye. Speed full submerged speed - 31 knots. Maximum diving depth - 600 m. The Endurance - about 100 days. The crew consists of 90 people, including 32 officers. For comparison: the number of crews of the latest U.S. attack submarines Seawolf and the types of Virginia -134 Rights (14 - officers). Noticeably fewer troops on Russian submarines - a consequence of widespread introduction of automation (developers - Concern Morinformsistema-AGAT and NGOs, "Aurora") than general malahitovskie different boats, ranging from the famous Project 705 - nuclear submarine destroyer.
To reduce the visibility of acoustic steel body covered with a rubber coating of the new generation. But themselves "ashes" will "hear" very good. The newest sonar system "Irtysh-Amphora allows to monitor a large range and practically in the range of 360 degrees around the ship.
Electronic weaponry "Kazan" will be somewhat different from that found in "Severodvinsk". According to Press Secretary Sevmash Anastasia Nikitinskaya on a submarine-type Ash-M "replaced element base complexes radio weapons, as well as used equipment and materials is fully manufactured in Russia, excluding suppliers from the former Soviet republics."
Special attention was paid to the arming of these multi-purpose submarines. Their "major caliber", intended to destroy marine purposes - supersonic anti-ship missiles P-800 "Onyx" development NGOs
engineering. They shoot at a distance of 300 km. The missiles are placed in 8 of mine launchers in the middle of the hull. At each mine - three missiles, for a total of 24 units of ammunition. Target designation "Onyx" are both on board its own funds and from space MKRTS type "Legend". After launch the missile climbs to a higher altitude. At a distance of 70-90 km from the purpose of its active radar homing head captures the purpose and off, after which the "Onyx" is reduced to 10-12 m, making avoidance maneuvers, close to the object of attack. At a distance of 1-1,5 kilometers back on homing head, which "brings the" rocket ship to the enemy. On the basis of "Onyx" was established export version "Yakhont" and Russo-Indian missile BRAHMOS.
In 1986-1992,. nuclear submarine K-452, received in 1997 called "Novgorod the Great", the project was upgraded 650m project 06704 "gull-B" for testing anti-ship missiles "Onyx". On the boat instead of 8 anti-ship missile launchers, M-120 "Malachite" placed containers with cruise missiles "Onyx". Complex P-800 has passed comprehensive retrofitting and was accepted into service.
Since the large spherical antenna HOOK occupies most of the nasal tip, torpedo tubes on the "ash shifted closer to the central part of the boat and located at an angle to the diametral plane. Of these, you can shoot remote-controlled torpedoes, as well as torpedoes, attacking the enemy on satellite trail. They are used to launch anti-raketotorped and cruise missiles for various purposes, including the family of the Caliber-PL "(export designation - Club-S) development of Yekaterinburg OKB Novator". They can hit surface, coastal and underwater (ballistic missile 91R) objectives. Obviously, "ash" can take on board and cruise missiles for strategic purposes "pomegranate" with reentry in the ordinary and special equipment, "get" the enemy at a distance of 3000 km. The media appeared information about the development of cruise missiles in Russia "Thunder" with a range up to 5000 km. It is possible that in future they entered service submarine project 885. In this mighty arsenal of boats instead of missiles and torpedoes can take mines of various types. There are also fired by means of simulation, misleading hydrophone opposing side.
As the domestic and many foreign experts, nuclear submarines "Ash" is comparable to the tactical and technical characteristics of American nuclear submarine Seawolf types and Virginia, and on strike capabilities surpass them. This was discussed at the celebrations of the tab, "Kazan". But that's not all. "We will make every effort to ship served for many years, has been a reliable and provides comfortable conditions for the service of seamen," - said General Director Nikolai Sevmash Kalistratov. Presumably, Severodvinsk shipbuilders will fulfill their obligations with honor.